Conant E F, Wechsler R J
Department of Radiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Thorac Imaging. 1992 Sep;7(4):75-84. doi: 10.1097/00005382-199209000-00010.
Actinomyces and Nocardia species are frequently overlooked pulmonary pathogens until their presence is histologically proved. These infections often are not considered in the differential diagnosis of lung disease because of the spectrum of their presentation, the similarity of their appearance to other granulomatous or neoplastic diseases, and coexistence of these infections with other pulmonary conditions. Pulmonary actinomycosis is characterized by pulmonary consolidation, frequently with cavitation and spread to contiguous tissues without regard for normal anatomic barriers. The appearance often is confused with that of bronchogenic carcinoma or other granulomatous infections, especially tuberculosis. Pulmonary nocardiosis most frequently develops in immunocompromised patients, and the incidence of this infection is increasing. The radiographic manifestations of nocardiosis are pleomorphic, but early recognition is essential to initiate appropriate therapy.
放线菌属和诺卡菌属通常是被忽视的肺部病原体，直到通过组织学检查证实其存在。由于这些感染的表现形式多样、外观与其他肉芽肿性或肿瘤性疾病相似，以及这些感染与其他肺部疾病并存，在肺部疾病的鉴别诊断中往往不会考虑到它们。肺放线菌病的特征是肺部实变，常伴有空洞形成，并蔓延至邻近组织，而不受正常解剖屏障的限制。其表现常与支气管源性癌或其他肉芽肿性感染，尤其是肺结核相混淆。肺诺卡菌病最常发生于免疫功能低下的患者，且这种感染的发病率正在上升。诺卡菌病的影像学表现多样，但早期识别对于启动适当的治疗至关重要。
