Selnes O A, McArthur J C, Royal W, Updike M L, Nance-Sproson T, Concha M, Gordon B, Solomon L, Vlahov D
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Neurology. 1992 Oct;42(10):1924-30. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.10.1924.
A previous baseline cross-sectional comparison of cognitive performance of a group of AIDS-free, HIV-seropositive intravenous drug users with seronegative control intravenous drug users revealed no significant differences attributable to HIV. We now present longitudinal follow-up results from the same cohort of 160 intravenous drug users. There were no differences in performance by serostatus group at either 6- or 12-month follow-up visits, although differences by age and education were observed. Improvement in performance secondary to practice effects was comparable in both serostatus groups. These findings confirm that chronic intravenous drug use may be associated with a wide range of neuropsychological deficits, but there is no evidence that such preexisting deficits interact with HIV infection to produce additional cognitive impairment in otherwise asymptomatic intravenous drug users. Together with results from other high-risk groups such as homosexual/bisexual men and hemophiliacs, these results confirm that neurocognitive abnormalities during the presymptomatic stages of HIV infection are rare, regardless of the route of acquisition of the virus.
先前对一组无艾滋病、HIV 血清反应阳性的静脉注射吸毒者与血清反应阴性的对照静脉注射吸毒者的认知表现进行的基线横断面比较显示，未发现因 HIV 导致的显著差异。我们现在展示同一组 160 名静脉注射吸毒者的纵向随访结果。在 6 个月或 12 个月的随访中，血清状态组之间的表现没有差异，尽管观察到了年龄和教育程度的差异。两个血清状态组因练习效应导致的表现改善相当。这些发现证实，长期静脉注射吸毒可能与广泛的神经心理缺陷有关，但没有证据表明这些先前存在的缺陷与 HIV 感染相互作用，从而在其他无症状的静脉注射吸毒者中产生额外的认知障碍。与同性恋/双性恋男性和血友病患者等其他高危人群的结果一起，这些结果证实，无论病毒感染途径如何，HIV 感染症状前期的神经认知异常都很少见。
