Jurna I, Baldauf J, Zenz M
Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar FRG.
Neurosci Lett. 1992 Apr 13;138(1):77-80. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90476-n.
Rats subjected to forced oral self-administration of morphine solutions without or in combination with two daily i.p. injections of morphine preferred drinking water when this was offered in addition to morphine solutions. The daily intake of morphine during the terminal phase of self-administration of morphine was 50-80 mg/kg (oral application alone) or 270 mg/kg (oral and i.p. application). Morphine treated animals showed withdrawal symptoms on administration of naloxone 1 mg/kg i.p. during the period of self-administration, but not when they had started drinking exclusively water. The tail-flick test revealed no tolerance during prolonged treatment with morphine. The results indicate that no psychological dependence developed when morphine was applied orally and regularly.
接受吗啡溶液强迫口服自我给药的大鼠，无论是否每日腹腔注射两次吗啡，当除吗啡溶液外还提供饮用水时，它们更喜欢饮用。在吗啡自我给药的末期阶段，吗啡的每日摄入量为50-80毫克/千克（仅口服给药）或270毫克/千克（口服和腹腔注射给药）。在自我给药期间，腹腔注射1毫克/千克纳洛酮时，吗啡处理的动物出现戒断症状，但当它们开始只饮水时则没有。甩尾试验表明，长期用吗啡治疗期间没有产生耐受性。结果表明，口服并定期使用吗啡时不会产生心理依赖性。
