Shearn D, Bergman E, Hill K, Abel A, Hinds L
Psychology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs 80903.
Psychophysiology. 1992 Jul;29(4):431-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01716.x.
Almost no experimental analysis of blushing has been done since Darwin's observations in 1872. Forty-eight college women watched a videotape intended to elicit blushing, and a videotape not intended to elicit blushing, but elicit physiological responses. A subject was alone, or with one or four persons present. Blushing, which was measured directly with a photoplethysmograph probe on the cheek, was greater during the blushing than nonblushing stimulation. Blushing increased as audience size increased from one to four, but not from zero to one. Audience size and kind of stimulation interacted statistically. Similar results were obtained with ear coloration, cheek temperature, and skin conductance responses, although confidence levels were lower. Cheek coloration and temperature were significantly correlated during nonblushing stimulation, and the zero and one audience conditions, but not during the four audience condition, when blushing was greatest. These results may be placed within the context of emotional effects of audience size generally, including stuttering and speech disturbance, disruption of learning, and self-reported tension.
自1872年达尔文进行观察以来，几乎没有对脸红现象进行过实验分析。四十八名大学女生观看了一盘旨在引发脸红的录像带，以及一盘并非旨在引发脸红而是引发生理反应的录像带。受试者要么独自一人，要么有一至四人在场。通过放在脸颊上的光电容积描记探头直接测量的脸红程度，在引发脸红的刺激过程中比未引发脸红的刺激过程更大。随着观众人数从一人增加到四人，脸红程度增加，但从零人增加到一人时则没有增加。观众人数和刺激类型在统计学上存在相互作用。对于耳部颜色、脸颊温度和皮肤电导率反应，也获得了类似的结果，尽管置信水平较低。在未引发脸红的刺激过程中，以及在零人和一人观众的情况下，脸颊颜色和温度显著相关，但在脸红最严重的四人观众情况下则不然。这些结果可以放在一般观众人数的情感影响的背景下，包括口吃和言语障碍、学习中断以及自我报告的紧张情绪。
