Leĭtes A L, Shidakov Iu Kh, Mameto A M, Isaev A I
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1976 Dec;71(12):22-9.
The combination of the collateral blood flow in the heart and lungs with effects of Alpine hypoxia and pronounced additional loads was found to allow the detecting of plastical capacities of these organs in a sufficiently full volume. The experiments were performed in 273 dogs by microscopic, macro-microscopic, macroscopic and partly functional methods. The collateral coronary blood flow (after ligation of the anterior interventricular artery) under Alpine conditions (3200 m over the sea level) combined with compensatory hyperfunction of the heart (due to stenosing of the aorta arc), gets worse as compared with the conditions of the valley. In these experiments in mountains the extra- and intraorganic anastomoses are more pronounced, the capacity of the coronary artery branches being less pronounced than in the valley. The muscle fibres grow thicker, the heart weight enlarges, the diffusion distances of capillaries increase and the ratio of the arterial bed capacity and the heart weight decreases. Under Alphine conditions (as compared with the valley) the collateral blood flow of lungs deteriorates (after ligation of two lobar branches of the pulmonary artery or of the lobar vein) against the background of additional loads (stenosing of the aorta arc or pulmonectomy). Deterioration of the collateral bloodflow is related with the combination of conditions of the alphine hypoxia with additional loads resulting in a weakening or even block of compensatory reactions of pulmonary or bronchial arteries and veins.
研究发现，心脏和肺部的侧支血流与高山低氧效应及显著的额外负荷相结合，能够充分全面地检测这些器官的可塑性能力。通过微观、宏观 - 微观、宏观及部分功能方法，对273只狗进行了实验。在高山条件下（海拔3200米），冠状动脉侧支血流（在结扎前室间动脉后）与心脏的代偿性功能亢进（由于主动脉弓狭窄）相结合，与山谷条件相比变差。在山区的这些实验中，器官外和器官内的吻合更为明显，冠状动脉分支的能力比在山谷中不那么明显。肌肉纤维变粗，心脏重量增加，毛细血管的扩散距离增加，动脉床容量与心脏重量的比值降低。在高山条件下（与山谷相比），在额外负荷（主动脉弓狭窄或肺切除术）的背景下，肺的侧支血流（在结扎肺动脉或肺叶静脉的两个叶分支后）恶化。侧支血流的恶化与高山低氧条件和额外负荷的结合有关，导致肺或支气管动静脉的代偿反应减弱甚至受阻。
