Steptoe A, Vögele C
Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, England.
Behav Res Ther. 1992 Nov;30(6):597-607. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90005-2.
Thirty young women participated in an experiment in which heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, skin conductance level and palmar sweat index were monitored at rest and during the administration of mental arithmetic, mirror drawing and cold pressor tasks. The accuracy of perception of somatic states was estimated by calculating within-subject correlations between four bodily sensations (racing heart, high blood pressure, shortness of breath and sweaty hands) and corresponding physiological parameters, assessed on eight occasions during the experiment. The accuracy of heart rate perception was highest, with a mean correlation between actual heart rate and ratings of racing heart of 0.76 and 66% of participants showing significant within-subject effects. The mean accuracy was 0.55 for systolic blood pressure, 0.48 for respiration rate, 0.47 for skin conductance level, and 0.64 for palmar sweat index. Accurate perception across physiological parameters did not cluster within individuals, and was not dependent on the range either of physiological changes or sensation ratings. Trait anxiety was not significantly associated with accuracy of somatic perception. Subjects with high trait anxiety reported larger increases in shortness of breath during tasks than did low anxious subjects, but this was not reflected in objective physiological measures. Information-seeking coping style, indexed by the monitoring scale of the Miller Behavioral Style Scale, was related to the accuracy of perception of skin conductance level and heart rate. The use of within-subject correlational strategies for assessing individual differences in perception of bodily states is discussed.
30名年轻女性参与了一项实验，在实验中，她们在静息状态以及执行心算、镜像绘画和冷加压任务期间，心率、血压、呼吸频率、皮肤电导率水平和手掌出汗指数均受到监测。通过计算在实验期间8次评估中四种身体感觉（心跳加速、高血压、呼吸急促和手部出汗）与相应生理参数之间的受试者内相关性，来估计躯体状态感知的准确性。心率感知的准确性最高，实际心率与心跳加速评分之间的平均相关性为0.76，66%的参与者表现出显著的受试者内效应。收缩压的平均准确性为0.55，呼吸频率为0.48，皮肤电导率水平为0.47，手掌出汗指数为0.64。各生理参数的准确感知在个体间并未聚类，也不依赖于生理变化或感觉评分的范围。特质焦虑与躯体感知的准确性无显著关联。高特质焦虑的受试者在任务期间报告的呼吸急促增加幅度比低焦虑受试者大，但这并未反映在客观生理测量中。以米勒行为风格量表的监测量表为指标的信息寻求应对方式，与皮肤电导率水平和心率感知的准确性有关。本文讨论了使用受试者内相关策略来评估身体状态感知中的个体差异。
