Norman A W, Calkins E V
Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside.
Acad Med. 1992 Nov;67(11):785-91. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199211000-00018.
The authors review curricular characteristics of combined baccalaureate-M.D. programs at 28 U.S. medical schools from 1961, when the first programs started, until 1991-92. Initially, in the 1960s, these programs were created (1) to offer talented high school graduates an accelerated track leading to the baccalaureate and M.D. degrees, (2) to reduce educational expenses, (3) to improve education in the humanities, and (4) to attract outstanding students into careers in medicine. In the 1970s these objectives were modified to address national health care needs, particularly the need to graduate more physicians more quickly, especially primary care physicians for underserved areas. In the 1980s the objectives were broadened to achieve more diverse goals, including emphases on the humanities, community medicine, and biotechnology, in addition to the continued stress on the education of primary care physicians.
作者回顾了1961年（首个联合学位项目启动之年）至1991 - 1992年期间美国28所医学院校的本科 - 医学博士联合学位项目的课程特点。最初，在20世纪60年代设立这些项目的目的是：（1）为有天赋的高中毕业生提供一条通往本科和医学博士学位的加速通道；（2）降低教育成本；（3）改善人文教育；（4）吸引优秀学生投身医学事业。到了20世纪70年代，这些目标进行了调整，以满足国家医疗保健需求，特别是更快培养出更多医生的需求，尤其是为服务欠缺地区培养初级保健医生。20世纪80年代，目标进一步拓宽，以实现更多样化的目标，除了继续强调初级保健医生的教育外，还包括对人文、社区医学和生物技术的重视。
