Ferrari A U
Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Università di Milano, Italy.
Aging (Milano). 1992 Sep;4(3):183-95. doi: 10.1007/BF03324090.
Integrated cardiovascular responses to a range of different stimuli, as well as the overall, spontaneously occurring variability in blood pressure and heart rate, undergo complex changes with aging. A general trend is that homeostatic control mechanisms lose part of their ability to modulate heart rate and to buffer the concomitant blood pressure variations; the two phenomena are possibly linked by a cause-effect relationship. A detailed analysis of the age-related changes in the major reflex systems reveals a clear-cut impairment in arterial baroreceptor control of the heart rate, but much less pronounced changes in its control of blood pressure, on the other hand, both the hemodynamic and humoral components of the cardiopulmonary reflex appear to be markedly attenuated. The experimental evidence of the mechanisms underlying these changes is still largely incomplete, and it appears that the gaps will have to be filled by a systematic, detailed analysis, i.e., that no generalizations or extrapolations will be possible. Indeed, the data available so far indicate that the age-related alterations are highly non-uniform, some functions undergoing a definite impairment but others being much better preserved and some being even enhanced; thus aging is by no means associated with a generalized decline in cardiovascular functions and should instead be viewed as a complex, highly selective process. These peculiar biological features of the aging phenomena merit further investigation in both the cardiovascular and the other organ systems, in order to verify the possibility that currently unrecognized homeostatic potentials in the elderly subject may be exploited to advance his/her clinical management in health and disease.
心血管系统对一系列不同刺激的综合反应，以及血压和心率自然发生的总体变异性，会随着年龄增长而发生复杂变化。一般趋势是，稳态控制机制失去部分调节心率和缓冲伴随血压变化的能力；这两种现象可能通过因果关系相互关联。对主要反射系统中与年龄相关变化的详细分析表明，动脉压力感受器对心率的控制明显受损，但其对血压的控制变化则不太明显；另一方面，心肺反射的血流动力学和体液成分似乎都明显减弱。这些变化背后机制的实验证据仍然很大程度上不完整，而且似乎必须通过系统、详细的分析来填补这些空白，也就是说，无法进行概括或推断。事实上，目前可得的数据表明，与年龄相关的改变非常不一致，一些功能明显受损，而另一些功能则保存得更好，甚至有些功能还增强了；因此，衰老绝不是与心血管功能普遍下降相关，而应被视为一个复杂、高度选择性的过程。衰老现象的这些特殊生物学特征值得在心血管系统和其他器官系统中进一步研究，以验证是否有可能利用老年受试者目前未被认识的稳态潜能来改善其在健康和疾病状态下的临床管理。
