KRABBENHOFT K L, CORLETT D A, ANDERSON A W, ELLIKER P R
Appl Microbiol. 1964 Sep;12(5):424-7. doi: 10.1128/am.12.5.424-427.1964.
Beef ground round inoculated with 1,000,000 spores of Clostridium botulinum 33-A per gram and containing various additives was exposed to gamma radiation. Spores were inactivated in samples (irradiated at 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 Mrad) which contained sodium nitrate (1,000 ppm) plus sodium chloride (2.5%). Similar results were obtained when sodium nitrite (200 ppm) was substituted for sodium nitrate, except that there was evidence of spore survival in 1 of 120 cans irradiated at 2.0 Mrad. Spore destruction was based upon the absence of spores and mouse-lethal toxin in meat subcultures made from cans incubated at 35 C for 120 days. Spores were not destroyed when exposed to 2.5 or 3.0 Mrad in the absence of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, or sodium chloride. Furthermore, the use of these chemicals individually, together with radiation, was ineffective. The additives alone in the absence of radiation also did not cause spore destruction. Radiation levels of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 Mrad, when used with sodium chloride at 1.5 or 2.0% and sodium nitrate at 500 ppm or sodium nitrite at 100 ppm, were ineffective.
每克接种了100万个肉毒梭菌33 - A孢子并含有各种添加剂的牛肉末被置于伽马辐射下。在含有硝酸钠（1000 ppm）加氯化钠（2.5%）的样品（以2.0、2.5和3.0兆拉德进行辐照）中，孢子被灭活。当用亚硝酸钠（200 ppm）替代硝酸钠时也得到了类似结果，只是在以2.0兆拉德辐照的120罐中有1罐有孢子存活的迹象。孢子破坏是基于在35℃下培养120天的罐头制成的肉亚培养物中没有孢子和小鼠致死毒素。在没有硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠或氯化钠的情况下，当暴露于2.5或3.0兆拉德时，孢子未被破坏。此外，单独使用这些化学物质以及与辐射一起使用都是无效的。在没有辐射的情况下，单独使用添加剂也不会导致孢子破坏。当与1.5%或2.0%的氯化钠以及500 ppm的硝酸钠或100 ppm的亚硝酸钠一起使用时，2.0、2.5和3.0兆拉德的辐射水平是无效的。
