Cheng W N, Kong J
Tianjin Medical College, China.
Environ Res. 1992 Oct;59(1):271-8. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80246-4.
The mortality rate of a cohort of asbestos workers was investigated in Tianjin, China, between January 1, 1972, and December 31, 1987. The cohort consisted of 662 males and 510 females, employed in asbestos textiles, friction material, and asbestos cement manufacturing. A statistically significant excess mortality was observed for lung cancer in both males and females (SMR 278 and 427, respectively). An increasing trend in SMR was observed with increasing intervals of exposure as well as with increasing exposure level. A synergistic effect was seen between asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking regarding lung cancer. The ratio of smoking and nonsmoking lung cancer death rates was virtually the same in asbestos and in nonasbestos workers. This ratio was approximately 1.6, a value much less than that reported in other countries. This low ratio appears to reflect the fact that many nonsmokers were in fact passive cigarette smokers. Second, it reflects the fact that most smokers smoked hand-rolled tobacco, since manufactured cigarettes did not become popular in China until 1965. These data confirm the hazards of asbestos exposure in developing countries.
1972年1月1日至1987年12月31日期间，在中国天津对一组石棉工人的死亡率进行了调查。该队列由662名男性和510名女性组成，他们受雇于石棉纺织、摩擦材料和石棉水泥制造业。男性和女性肺癌的死亡率均出现了统计学上显著的超额死亡（标准化死亡比分别为278和427）。随着接触时间间隔的增加以及接触水平的提高，标准化死亡比呈现出上升趋势。在肺癌方面，观察到石棉接触与吸烟之间存在协同效应。石棉工人和非石棉工人中吸烟和不吸烟的肺癌死亡率之比几乎相同。该比例约为1.6，远低于其他国家报告的数值。这一低比例似乎反映了两个事实，一是许多不吸烟者实际上是被动吸烟者；二是大多数吸烟者抽的是手卷烟，因为机制香烟直到1965年才在中国流行起来。这些数据证实了发展中国家石棉接触的危害。
