Rossetti Z L, Hmaidan Y, Gessa G L
B.B. Brodie Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Oct 20;221(2-3):227-34. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90706-a.
Withdrawal of rats from chronic ethanol, morphine, cocaine and amphetamine resulted in a marked reduction in extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration in the ventral striatum as measured by microdialysis. Following ethanol and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, the time course of DA reduction paralleled that of the withdrawal symptomatology. On the other hand, following discontinuation of chronic cocaine, DA reduction was delayed by over 24 h but persisted for several days. After amphetamine withdrawal the fall in DA occurred more rapidly but the reduction also persisted for several days. The administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, to rats withdrawn from chronic ethanol, morphine or amphetamine, but not from chronic cocaine, readily reversed the fall in DA output. The reduction in extracellular DA during ethanol withdrawal was also reversed by SL 82.0715, another NMDA receptor antagonist.
通过微透析测量发现，让大鼠停止长期摄入乙醇、吗啡、可卡因和苯丙胺后，腹侧纹状体中的细胞外多巴胺（DA）浓度显著降低。在乙醇和纳洛酮诱发的吗啡戒断后，DA降低的时间进程与戒断症状学的时间进程平行。另一方面，在停止长期使用可卡因后，DA的降低延迟超过24小时，但持续了几天。在停用苯丙胺后，DA的下降发生得更快，但降低也持续了几天。给从长期乙醇、吗啡或苯丙胺戒断的大鼠注射NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801（但不给从长期可卡因戒断的大鼠注射），能迅速逆转DA输出的下降。另一种NMDA受体拮抗剂SL 82.0715也能逆转乙醇戒断期间细胞外DA的降低。
