Salleras L, Bruguera M, Vidal J, Taberner J L, Plans P, Bayas J M, Pumarola T, Jimenez de Anta M T, Rodés J
Preventive Medicine Unit, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1992 Sep;8(5):640-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00145377.
The prevalence of hepatitis B markers was determined in a representative sample of the general population of Catalonia (Spain). HBsAg was found in 0.5% of children (less than 15 years of age) and in 1.7% of adults (more than 15 years of age), and anti HBs in 1.6% and 18%, respectively. Age-specific prevalence for both markers showed a low risk for hepatitis B before puberty, and a progressive rise since adolescence, suggesting that perinatal transmission and horizontal transmission in children are relatively uncommon in Spain. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was significantly higher among subjects with low education level, residing in an urban area and born outside Catalonia, but in the stratified analysis, a statistical significant difference was only maintained in the prevalence of HBV markers between those who live in urban and rural areas, and between those who were born outside Catalonia and in Catalonia. These data may be used as a basis for a strategy of hepatitis B prevention in Spain which include universal vaccination of adolescents, passive-active immunization of newborns to HBsAg positive mothers and vaccination of susceptible adults subjects from high-risk groups.
在加泰罗尼亚（西班牙）普通人群的代表性样本中测定了乙肝标志物的流行情况。在0.5%的儿童（小于15岁）和1.7%的成年人（大于15岁）中发现了乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg），乙肝表面抗体（抗-HBs）的阳性率分别为1.6%和18%。两种标志物的年龄别流行率显示，青春期前乙肝感染风险较低，自青春期起逐渐上升，这表明在西班牙，围产期传播和儿童期水平传播相对不常见。乙肝标志物的流行率在教育水平低、居住在城市地区且出生于加泰罗尼亚以外的人群中显著更高，但在分层分析中，仅居住在城市和农村地区的人群以及出生于加泰罗尼亚以外和加泰罗尼亚的人群之间乙肝病毒（HBV）标志物流行率存在统计学显著差异。这些数据可作为西班牙乙肝预防策略的基础，该策略包括对青少年进行普遍疫苗接种、对乙肝表面抗原阳性母亲的新生儿进行被动-主动免疫以及对高危组易感成人进行疫苗接种。
