Fischbein A
Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Isr J Med Sci. 1992 Aug-Sep;28(8-9):560-72.
Lead poisoning continues to be a common occupational disease in many countries. During the past two decades, poisoning presenting with overt clinical symptoms has become less frequent because of improvement in control of exposure, and attention has been focused on subtle biochemical and "subclinical" manifestations of lead toxicity. Firearms instructors constitute an occupational group at risk for excessive exposure to lead from the firing of arms in shooting galleries. This paper summarizes clinical and toxicological observations among lead-exposed firearms instructors and illustrates the wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory abnormalities that may occur in this occupational group. As clinical research has advanced, significant biochemical and clinical aberrations have been detected at progressively lower blood lead levels both among occupationally exposed adults and among children who are exposed to lead in the general environment. The latter is of great public health concern and has spurred efforts worldwide to reduce human exposure to lead to an absolute minimum.
铅中毒在许多国家仍然是一种常见的职业病。在过去二十年中，由于接触控制的改善，出现明显临床症状的中毒情况变得不那么频繁了，人们的注意力集中在铅毒性的细微生化和“亚临床”表现上。枪械教练是一个职业群体，他们在射击场射击时面临铅暴露过量的风险。本文总结了铅暴露枪械教练的临床和毒理学观察结果，并说明了该职业群体可能出现的广泛临床和实验室异常情况。随着临床研究的进展，在职业暴露的成年人以及一般环境中接触铅的儿童中，在血铅水平逐渐降低时就检测到了显著的生化和临床异常。后者引起了极大的公共卫生关注，并促使全球努力将人类铅暴露降至绝对最低水平。
