Bartlett R M
Division of Sport Science, Crewe & Alsager College of Higher Education, Cheshire, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1992 Oct;10(5):467-510. doi: 10.1080/02640419208729944.
This review provides an evaluation of published scientific literature (mostly that in English or German) which has reported quantitative data relating to the biomechanics of the discus throw. This is done by considering the two stages of the throw--the launch (the movements in the circle) and the discus flight. To ascertain the optimal release characteristics of the discus to maximize the distance thrown, the results of those studies which have addressed this problem by simulating the flight of the discus are evaluated. To assess the merit of this literature, a detailed evaluation of studies of the aerodynamics of discus flight is also undertaken in this review. These results are compared with measured release conditions from filmed discus throws. The greater part of the review seeks to establish the technique of the thrower within the circle necessary to achieve an optimum release. Thus, the discus throwing technique is discussed in relation to the results of cinematographic data, and the extremely limited number of force platform and electromyographic studies. An evaluation of experimental procedures and the reporting of experimental errors, particularly for the cinematographic studies, is included. Consideration is also given to some of the more descriptive, coaching literature where points are raised which serve to highlight important biomechanical aspects of throwing technique. It is concluded that not enough relevant and reliable biomechanical data currently exist to answer many of the important questions about the technique of the discus throw, and some future research directions to help overcome this are recommended.
本综述对已发表的科学文献（大多为英文或德文）进行了评估，这些文献报告了与铁饼投掷生物力学相关的定量数据。通过考虑投掷的两个阶段——发力阶段（在投掷圈内的动作）和铁饼飞行阶段来完成评估。为了确定能使投掷距离最大化的铁饼最佳出手特征，对那些通过模拟铁饼飞行来解决该问题的研究结果进行了评估。为了评估这些文献的价值，本综述还对铁饼飞行空气动力学的研究进行了详细评估。将这些结果与从拍摄的铁饼投掷中测量得到的出手条件进行比较。综述的大部分内容旨在确定在投掷圈内实现最佳出手所需的投掷技术。因此，结合电影摄影数据的结果以及数量极少的测力平台和肌电图研究，对铁饼投掷技术进行了讨论。其中包括对实验程序以及实验误差报告的评估，特别是针对电影摄影研究。还考虑了一些更具描述性的教练文献，其中提出的观点有助于突出投掷技术的重要生物力学方面。得出的结论是，目前没有足够相关且可靠的生物力学数据来回答许多关于铁饼投掷技术的重要问题，并推荐了一些有助于克服这一问题的未来研究方向。
