Bartlett R M, Best R J
Department of Science, Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education, Stoke on Trent, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1988 Spring;6(1):1-38. doi: 10.1080/02640418808729791.
In this paper, the scientific literature and that on the sports sciences relevant to javelin throwing is critically reviewed. This is particularly timely because of the change in the specification of the javelin for the men's event, which was introduced by the IAAF in 1986. A full discussion of the aerodynamics of the javelin is presented with due consideration of the change in pitching moment characteristics that the rules change had brought about. The uses and limitations of current computer programs for simulating javelin flight, in order to estimate optimal release parameters, are profiled. Consideration is also given to the effects of wind velocity, air density, javelin weight and the flutter and spin of the javelin on its flight. The review further considers the optimization of release parameters, drawing upon computer simulations and field-based data. The effects of release speed, release height, release angle, release angle of attack and release pitch rate are assessed. The javelin throwing technique is discussed in relation to cinematographically derived data, including an evaluation of experimental procedures. The importance to successful performance of the grip, the run-up and transition phases, the cross over and delivery strides are each reviewed. Finally, some prognoses as to the direction of future research into this complex throwing skill are offered.
本文对与标枪投掷相关的科学文献及体育科学文献进行了批判性综述。鉴于国际田联于1986年对标枪男子项目规格进行了更改，这一综述尤为及时。本文充分讨论了标枪的空气动力学，并适当考虑了规则变化所带来的俯仰力矩特性的改变。剖析了当前用于模拟标枪飞行以估算最佳释放参数的计算机程序的用途及局限性。还考虑了风速、空气密度、标枪重量以及标枪的颤振和旋转对其飞行的影响。该综述进一步借助计算机模拟和实地数据，探讨了释放参数的优化问题。评估了释放速度、释放高度、释放角度、攻角释放角度和释放俯仰速率的影响。结合电影摄影数据对标枪投掷技术进行了讨论，包括对实验程序的评估。分别对标枪握持、助跑和过渡阶段、交叉步和最后用力步对成功投掷的重要性进行了综述。最后，对这一复杂投掷技术未来的研究方向给出了一些预测。
