GARDNER R A, PITTMAN M
Appl Microbiol. 1965 Jul;13(4):564-9. doi: 10.1128/am.13.4.564-569.1965.
When stored at 4 C, or heated at 22 or 35 C followed by storage at 4 C, the potency of pertussis vaccines preserved with Merthiolate was more stable than the potency of vaccines preserved with benzethonium chloride or the parabens (methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate). Without preservative, potency was more stable than in the presence of benzethonium chloride or the parabens, but less stable than when Merthiolate was present. The histamine-sensitizing factor of the vaccines likewise decreased with the loss of potency. The deleterious effect of benzethonium chloride and the absence of the stabilizing effect of Merthiolate were contributing factors, if not the sole cause, for the instability of pertussis vaccine in quadruple antigen vaccine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines).
当在4℃储存，或在22℃或35℃加热后再在4℃储存时，用硫柳汞保存的百日咳疫苗效力比用苄索氯铵或对羟基苯甲酸酯（甲基和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯）保存的疫苗效力更稳定。无防腐剂时，效力比有苄索氯铵或对羟基苯甲酸酯时更稳定，但比有硫柳汞时稳定性差。疫苗的组胺致敏因子同样随效力丧失而降低。苄索氯铵的有害作用以及硫柳汞缺乏稳定作用即便不是四联疫苗（白喉和破伤风类毒素以及百日咳和脊髓灰质炎疫苗）中百日咳疫苗不稳定的唯一原因，也是促成因素。
