Mukaida N
Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa University.
Nihon Rinsho. 1992 Aug;50(8):1724-9.
The main pathological feature of inflammation consists of leukocyte infiltration and exudation of plasma into the lesion in the early stage followed by proliferation of connective tissue including fibroblasts, which leads to the formation of granulation tissue. Systemic manifestations include elevation of body temperature and increase of serum acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. Most of these reactions are presumed to be caused by mediators which are produced by a various kinds of cells and tissues upon contact with inflammatory stimuli, such as bacteria, helminths, viruses, etc. Recently, it has become known that most of inflammatory stimuli induce the production of large amounts of several cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and that these cytokines exert a wide variety of effects to accelerate inflammation. Hence, these cytokines are called "pro-inflammatory cytokines". These cytokines have overlapping biological functions and induce the production of each other, thus forming a complicated cytokine network. Here, in order to review the roles of these cytokines in the progression of inflammation, the effects on the body temperature, leukocyte infiltration and production of serum acute phase reactants, in particular, will be discussed.
炎症的主要病理特征包括早期白细胞浸润和血浆渗出到病变部位，随后是包括成纤维细胞在内的结缔组织增生，这导致肉芽组织形成。全身表现包括体温升高以及血清急性期反应物如C反应蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白A增加。这些反应大多被认为是由各种细胞和组织在接触炎症刺激物（如细菌、蠕虫、病毒等）时产生的介质引起的。最近，人们已经知道，大多数炎症刺激物会诱导大量几种细胞因子的产生，包括白细胞介素1（IL-1）、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）α，并且这些细胞因子发挥多种作用以加速炎症。因此，这些细胞因子被称为“促炎细胞因子”。这些细胞因子具有重叠的生物学功能并相互诱导产生，从而形成一个复杂的细胞因子网络。在此，为了综述这些细胞因子在炎症进展中的作用，将特别讨论它们对体温、白细胞浸润和血清急性期反应物产生的影响。
