McCargar L J, Crawford S M
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Nov;24(11):1270-5.
Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain have come to be known as weight cycling. This phenomenon is frequently observed in athletes who must meet specific weight categories to qualify for competition. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolic and anthropometric changes that occur with rapid weight loss/regain cycles in competitive wrestlers. Collegiate wrestlers were divided into two groups, "cyclers" (N = 8) and "noncyclers" (N = 6), based on their reported dieting history. Measurements included a 3-d diet record, resting energy expenditure (REE), skinfold and girth measures, and biochemical tests at three time points: preseason, peak season, and off-season. All anthropometric measures changed with time, and a diet group by time interaction was observed for the trunk to extremity skinfolds ratio (T/E) (P < 0.05), with greater fat loss and regain from the trunk area of the cyclers. There were no differences in REE within or between groups. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) values decreased over time (P < 0.01). Large weight losses appear to have occurred due to both dieting and short-term dehydration, and although physiological changes were observed, a training effect may have overridden any metabolic influence of weight cycling.
体重减轻与恢复的反复循环已被称为体重循环。这种现象在那些必须达到特定体重级别才能获得比赛资格的运动员中经常出现。本研究的目的是确定竞技摔跤运动员在快速减重/增重循环过程中发生的代谢和人体测量学变化。根据所报告的节食历史，将大学摔跤运动员分为两组，“循环组”（N = 8）和“非循环组”（N = 6）。测量内容包括一份为期3天的饮食记录、静息能量消耗（REE）、皮褶厚度和围度测量，以及在三个时间点进行的生化测试：季前赛、赛季高峰和休赛期。所有人体测量指标均随时间变化，并且观察到饮食组与时间的交互作用对躯干与四肢皮褶厚度比值（T/E）有影响（P < 0.05），循环组躯干部位的脂肪减少和恢复更为明显。组内或组间的REE没有差异。血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）值随时间下降（P < 0.01）。大量体重减轻似乎是由于节食和短期脱水共同导致的，尽管观察到了生理变化，但训练效果可能掩盖了体重循环的任何代谢影响。
