Zambraski E J, Foster D T, Gross P M, Tipton C M
Med Sci Sports. 1976 Summer;8(2):105-8.
A longitudinal study was conducted with various members of the 1975 University of Iowa NCAA championship wrestling team to determine if excessive weight loss, accompanied by signs of dehydration, occurred at the college level of competition. Body weight changes from September to December indicated a mean loss of 6%, while skinfold totals (6 sites) changed from a mean of 58 mm to 37 mm. During a four-month period, mean weight losses of 10.2, 9.5, 8.0, 7.5 and 7.0 lbs occurred in intervals of 12, 4, 3, 2 and 1 day, respectively. Basal urines analyzed throughout the season usually contained 2-3 times the potassium excreted before the season started. Analyses of urines at various intervals during a 2-day time period prior to weigh-in showed a .003 increase in specific gravity, 160 mosm/1 increase in osmolarity, .10 decrease in pH, 45.3 mEq/1 decrease in Na+ concentration, and a 71.3 mEq/1 increase in K+ concentration which suggested that the wrestlers were dehydrated prior to competition. Total urinary electrolyte loss during the 2 days amounted to 3.7% of estimated total body Na+ stores and 3.0% of total body K+ stores. These data were similar to what had been reported for Iowa high school finalists and indicated that collegiate wrestlers were also competing while in a dehydrated state.
对1975年爱荷华大学NCAA锦标赛摔跤队的不同队员进行了一项纵向研究，以确定在大学比赛水平上是否会出现伴有脱水迹象的过度体重减轻。从9月到12月的体重变化表明平均体重减轻了6%，而皮褶厚度总和（6个部位）从平均58毫米变为37毫米。在四个月的时间里，平均体重分别在间隔12天、4天、3天、2天和1天内减轻了10.2磅、9.5磅、8.0磅、7.5磅和7.0磅。整个赛季分析的基础尿液中钾的含量通常是赛季开始前排出量的2至3倍。在称重前2天的不同时间段对尿液进行分析显示，比重增加了0.003，渗透压增加了160 mosm/1，pH值降低了0.10，钠离子浓度降低了45.3 mEq/1，钾离子浓度增加了71.3 mEq/1，这表明摔跤运动员在比赛前处于脱水状态。这2天内尿液中电解质的总损失量相当于估计全身钠离子储备的3.7%和全身钾离子储备的3.0%。这些数据与爱荷华州高中决赛选手的报告数据相似，表明大学摔跤运动员也是在脱水状态下进行比赛的。
