Brown S W, Stubbs D A
University of Southern Maine, Portland 04103.
Perception. 1992;21(4):545-57. doi: 10.1068/p210545.
Subjects listened to a series of musical selections and then judged the duration of each selection. Some subjects were informed beforehand that timing was involved (prospective timing) whereas others were informed afterwards (retrospective timing). Half the groups performed a concurrent proofreading task during stimulus presentation. The results showed a trade-off between temporal and nontemporal task performance: prospective-timing groups were more accurate in judging time and were worse at proofreading, whereas retrospective-timing groups were relatively poor at judging time but better at proofreading. This pattern is consistent with Michon's notion of an essential equivalence between temporal and nontemporal processing, and supports the predictions of an attentional allocation model of timing. The proofreading task interfered both with prospective and with retrospective timing, and both types of time judgments were influenced in the same way by effects of stimulus context. These results imply that similar timing processes operate under prospective and retrospective conditions.
受试者聆听了一系列音乐选段，然后判断每个选段的时长。一些受试者事先被告知涉及计时（前瞻性计时），而另一些受试者事后被告知（回顾性计时）。一半的小组在刺激呈现期间执行一项并行的校对任务。结果显示了时间任务和非时间任务表现之间的权衡：前瞻性计时组在判断时间方面更准确，但在校对方面较差，而回顾性计时组在判断时间方面相对较差，但在校对方面较好。这种模式与米雄关于时间处理和非时间处理之间基本等效性的概念一致，并支持计时的注意力分配模型的预测。校对任务干扰了前瞻性计时和回顾性计时，并且两种类型的时间判断都受到刺激背景效应的相同方式的影响。这些结果表明，类似的计时过程在前瞻性和回顾性条件下都会起作用。
