Skwarło-Sońta K
Department of Vertebrate Animal Physiology, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Immunol Lett. 1992 Jul;33(2):105-21. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(92)90034-l.
The immunoregulatory function of prolactin (PRL) and the mechanism of its action in mammals seem to be well documented. Reciprocal interdependence between PRL secretion and immune system function is essential for normal ontogeny, development and aging. PRL receptors in lymphocytes participate in the transduction of its regulatory signal into the intracellular enzymatic machinery including that of the nucleus, leading to the expression of some genes and to the synthesis of new proteins. Activation of phosphoinositide turnover and subsequent increase in protein kinase-C activity seems to be a possible mechanism acting in the regulatory influence of PRL on mammalian immune cells. These cells in turn, under mitogen or antigen stimulation, secrete a substance with PRL-like activity. The regulatory function of PRL within the avian immune system is less well known, but it seems to have some features in common with those in mammals. Direct mitogenic action on thymocytes and splenocytes in the chicken might indicate the existence of PRL receptors in these cells and could explain the immunostimulatory effect of PRL observed in vivo, which is dependent on the time of hormone administration. As the avian PRL stimulates mitogenesis of rat Nb2 lymphoma cells, the mechanism of direct PRL action on immune cells in mammals and birds seems to be similar. PRL in chickens also modifies the level and the diurnal rhythm of corticosterone which, in turn, influences the immunoregulatory effect exerted by PRL. Thus, PRL seems to be an important factor, influencing directly or indirectly the avian immune system.
催乳素（PRL）在哺乳动物中的免疫调节功能及其作用机制似乎已有充分记载。PRL分泌与免疫系统功能之间的相互依存关系对于正常个体发育、生长和衰老至关重要。淋巴细胞中的PRL受体参与将其调节信号转导至包括细胞核内的细胞内酶机制，从而导致某些基因的表达和新蛋白质的合成。磷酸肌醇代谢的激活以及随后蛋白激酶-C活性的增加似乎是PRL对哺乳动物免疫细胞产生调节影响的一种可能机制。这些细胞在有丝分裂原或抗原刺激下，反过来会分泌具有PRL样活性的物质。PRL在禽类免疫系统中的调节功能鲜为人知，但似乎与哺乳动物有一些共同特征。对鸡的胸腺细胞和脾细胞的直接促有丝分裂作用可能表明这些细胞中存在PRL受体，并且可以解释体内观察到的PRL的免疫刺激作用，这取决于激素给药的时间。由于禽类PRL刺激大鼠Nb2淋巴瘤细胞的有丝分裂，PRL对哺乳动物和鸟类免疫细胞的直接作用机制似乎相似。鸡体内的PRL还会改变皮质酮的水平和昼夜节律，而皮质酮又会影响PRL发挥的免疫调节作用。因此，PRL似乎是一个直接或间接影响禽类免疫系统的重要因素。
