口语单词识别中基于形式的启动效应：竞争与偏差的作用。
Form-based priming in spoken word recognition: the roles of competition and bias.
作者信息
Goldinger S D, Luce P A, Pisoni D B, Marcario J K
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
出版信息
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1992 Nov;18(6):1211-38. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.18.6.1211.
Phonological priming of spoken words refers to improved recognition of targets preceded by primes that share at least one of their constituent phonemes (e.g., BULL-BEER). Phonetic priming refers to reduced recognition of targets preceded by primes that share no phonemes with targets but are phonetically similar to targets (e.g., BULL-VEER). Five experiments were conducted to investigate the role of bias in phonological priming. Performance was compared across conditions of phonological and phonetic priming under a variety of procedural manipulations. Ss in phonological priming conditions systematically modified their responses on unrelated priming trials in perceptual identification, and they were slower and more errorful on unrelated trials in lexical decision than were Ss in phonetic priming conditions. Phonetic and phonological priming effects display different time courses and also different interactions with changes in proportion of related priming trials. Phonological priming involves bias; phonetic priming appears to reflect basic properties of activation and competition in spoken word recognition.
口语单词的语音启动是指在启动词之后对目标词的识别得到改善，这些启动词至少共享一个组成音素（例如，BULL - BEER）。语音启动是指在启动词之后对目标词的识别减少，这些启动词与目标词没有共享音素，但在语音上与目标词相似（例如，BULL - VEER）。进行了五个实验来研究偏差在语音启动中的作用。在各种程序操作下，比较了语音启动和语音启动条件下的表现。语音启动条件下的被试在知觉识别中对无关启动试验的反应进行了系统的修改，并且在词汇判断中的无关试验中，他们比语音启动条件下的被试反应更慢且错误更多。语音启动和语音启动效应显示出不同的时间进程，并且与相关启动试验比例的变化也有不同的相互作用。语音启动涉及偏差；语音启动似乎反映了口语单词识别中激活和竞争的基本属性。
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