Metalsky G I, Joiner T E
University of Texas, Austin.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Oct;63(4):667-75. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.63.4.667.
The diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989) were tested using a prospective methodology. Measures of the 3 vulnerability factors posited by the theory (cognitive diatheses about cause, consequences, and self) were completed by 152 Ss at Time (T) 1. Ss completed measures of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and hopelessness at T1 and again at T2, 5 weeks later. Naturally occurring stressors were assessed at T2 (covering the T1-T2 interval). Consistent with the diathesis-stress component, each Cognitive Diathesis x Stress (CD x S) interaction predicted onset of depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. In contrast, the CD x S interactions predicted neither state nor trait anxiety. In addition, 2 of the 3 CD x S interactions (those involving cause and self, but not consequences) were partially mediated by hopelessness. Implications for future work on the hopelessness theory of depression are discussed.
采用前瞻性方法对抑郁绝望理论（阿布拉姆森、梅塔尔斯基和阿洛伊，1989年）的素质-应激和因果中介成分进行了检验。该理论提出的3个脆弱性因素（关于原因、后果和自我的认知素质）的测量指标由152名被试在时间（T）1时完成。被试在T1时完成抑郁症状、焦虑症状和绝望感的测量，5周后的T2时再次进行测量。在T2时评估自然发生的应激源（涵盖T1 - T2间隔期）。与素质-应激成分一致，每个认知素质×应激（CD×S）交互作用都预测了从T1到T2抑郁症状的发作。相比之下，CD×S交互作用既不能预测状态焦虑也不能预测特质焦虑。此外，3个CD×S交互作用中的2个（涉及原因和自我的，但不涉及后果的）部分由绝望感介导。讨论了对未来抑郁绝望理论研究工作的启示。
