Marchetti Igor, Alloy Lauren B, Koster Ernst H W
University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Edoardo Weiss 21, 34128, Trieste, Italy.
Temple University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Int J Cogn Ther. 2023 Sep;16(3):285-319. doi: 10.1007/s41811-023-00165-1. Epub 2023 Apr 27.
Hopelessness is a painful cognitive state that is related to depression and suicide. Despite its importance, only unsystematic efforts have been made to specifically target hopelessness in interventions, and no comprehensive review is currently available to guide future clinical studies. In this narrative review, we first analyze the phenomenon of hopelessness, by highlighting its components (e.g., dismal expectations, blocked goal-directed processing, and helplessness), antecedents (e.g., inferential styles), and contextual factors (e.g., loneliness and reduced social support). Then, we review the currently available interventions and manipulations that target these mechanisms, either directly or indirectly, and we highlight both their strengths and lacunae. Finally, we propose possible avenues to improve our clinical toolbox for breaking the vise of hopelessness.
绝望是一种与抑郁和自杀相关的痛苦认知状态。尽管其很重要，但在干预措施中针对绝望进行专门干预的努力仍不系统，目前也没有全面的综述来指导未来的临床研究。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们首先分析绝望现象，重点阐述其组成部分（如黯淡的期望、目标导向性思维受阻和无助感）、前因（如推理方式）以及情境因素（如孤独和社会支持减少）。然后，我们回顾目前可用于直接或间接针对这些机制的干预措施和操作方法，并突出其优点和不足。最后，我们提出了可能的途径来改进我们的临床工具库，以打破绝望的束缚。
