Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, 2301 S. Third Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2020 Mar;48(3):435-451. doi: 10.1007/s10802-019-00604-8.
Adolescence is a critical period in the development of depression. Hence, researching the applicability of cognitive theories in adolescents is crucial. Currently, much remains unknown about how cognitive variables proposed in different theories interplay with one another and whether gender differences in these associations exist. Attempting to integrate Beck's cognitive model and the hopelessness model in adolescents, we conducted a 4-wave study using self-report instruments with 499 adolescents (mean age = 15.33 years; SD = 0.75; 63.3% female; 73.7% White, 13.8% Black, 5.4% Latina/o, 4.4% mixed race/ethnicity, and 2.6% other) from a high school where almost one third of the students were eligible for free or reduced lunch. Using AMOS and PROCESS to calculate and compare four different theory-driven models, we found support for an integrated model in which the inferential styles proposed in the hopelessness model are located between cognitive errors and the cognitive triad from Beck's cognitive theory. Further, the individual inferential styles and elements of the cognitive triad are associated differently with each other and other variables in the integrated cognitive model. The gender differences we found were limited and did not form a meaningful pattern. If replicated, the integrated model could be the basis to understand how therapeutic techniques developed to modify cognitive variables proposed in one model can impact cognitive constructs from a different theory. This might make cognitive psychotherapies for depression more effective, as it will allow clinicians to integrate therapeutic techniques based on either of the original theories in one theory-driven treatment approach.
青春期是抑郁症发展的关键时期。因此，研究认知理论在青少年中的适用性至关重要。目前，关于不同理论中提出的认知变量如何相互作用，以及这些关联是否存在性别差异，我们知之甚少。为了尝试将贝克的认知模型和绝望模型整合到青少年中，我们使用自我报告工具对 499 名青少年（平均年龄为 15.33 岁，标准差为 0.75，63.3%为女性，73.7%为白人，13.8%为黑人，5.4%为拉丁裔/拉丁裔，4.4%为混合种族/族裔，2.6%为其他）进行了一项 4 波研究，这些青少年来自一所高中，其中近三分之一的学生有资格享受免费或减价午餐。我们使用 AMOS 和 PROCESS 来计算和比较四个不同的理论驱动模型，发现支持一个整合模型，即绝望模型中提出的推断风格位于贝克认知理论的认知错误和认知三位一体之间。此外，个体推断风格和认知三位一体的元素以不同的方式相互关联，与整合认知模型中的其他变量也相互关联。我们发现的性别差异有限，没有形成有意义的模式。如果得到复制，整合模型可以成为理解为什么为修改一个模型中提出的认知变量而开发的治疗技术会影响来自不同理论的认知结构的基础。这可能会使针对抑郁症的认知心理疗法更有效，因为它将使临床医生能够根据一个理论驱动的治疗方法中的任一个原始理论来整合治疗技术。
