Silver L S, Halpern H
Queens College, City University of New York.
J Psycholinguist Res. 1992 Sep;21(5):317-48. doi: 10.1007/BF01067919.
Word-finding difficulties are often observed among different types of aphasic patients. This investigation analyzed the word-finding abilities of 30 aphasic subjects (10 Broca's, 10 Wernicke's, and 10 anomic). Forty nouns counterbalanced according to word length and frequency of occurrence in English language usage were used as stimuli and presented through four modalities (oral expression, writing, auditory comprehension, and reading comprehension). It was expected that patterns of word finding abilities would help in the classification of the different types of aphasia. In addition, long words and less frequently occurring words in English language usage should prove more difficult in word-finding ability, regardless of modality. The results of this study found long words and less frequent words were more difficult for aphasic subjects. Among the modalities, long words were significantly harder than short words for the writing modality only. It was also found that semantic errors were the most common errors for all types of aphasic subjects. Broca's subjects produced significantly more no response errors in oral expression; Wernicke's subjects produced significantly more semantic and phonemic errors in reading comprehension; and, Wernicke's subjects produced significantly more unrelated errors in both oral expression and reading comprehension. Clinical implications were also discussed.
在不同类型的失语症患者中，经常会观察到找词困难的情况。本研究分析了30名失语症患者（10名布罗卡失语症患者、10名韦尼克失语症患者和10名命名性失语症患者）的找词能力。根据英语使用中的单词长度和出现频率进行平衡的40个名词被用作刺激物，并通过四种方式呈现（口语表达、书写、听力理解和阅读理解）。预计找词能力模式将有助于不同类型失语症的分类。此外，无论采用何种方式，英语使用中较长的单词和出现频率较低的单词在找词能力方面应该会更困难。本研究结果发现，较长的单词和出现频率较低的单词对失语症患者来说更难。在这些方式中，仅在书写方式上，较长的单词比短单词明显更难。研究还发现，语义错误是所有类型失语症患者最常见的错误。布罗卡失语症患者在口语表达中产生的无反应错误明显更多；韦尼克失语症患者在阅读理解中产生的语义和音位错误明显更多；并且，韦尼克失语症患者在口语表达和阅读理解中产生的无关错误明显更多。还讨论了临床意义。
