Alexy U, Kersting M
Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Dortmund, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;57(10):1331-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601696.
Examination of time trends in the consumption of dairy food and their impact on fat and calcium intakes in German children and adolescents.
Dietary records from the DONALD Study (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study).
A total of 5068 3-day weighed dietary records from 914 1 to 13-y-old children and adolescents collected between 1986 and 2001 were analysed using a mixed linear model, in which the means of the data and the covariance structure specific to the DONALD Study were modelled.
During the study period, the consumption of 'milk products' in children and adolescents >/=4 y remained stable, since the reduced consumption of 'fluid milk' (between -2.8 and -7.4 g/day/study year) was compensated for by an increased consumption of 'yoghurt' (between +2.4 and +3.3 g/day/study year). The consumption of 'cheese' increased in subjects >/=4 y (between +0.2 and +0.7 g/day/study year). In 1 to 3-y-old children, the decreased intake of 'fluid milk' (-6.5 g/day/study year) was not compensated for by the increased intake of 'formula' (+3.5 g/day/study year). The percentage of 'low-fat milk products' significantly increased (although not significant in 9-13-y-old boys) to nearly 25% of milk products. The impact of dairy food on fat intake (as percentage of energy intake) remained stable with the exception of a slight reduction in 4-8 y olds, the impact of dairy on calcium (as percentage of US adequate intake) decreased only in 1-3 y olds.
The consumption of dairy food remained widely stable over time in >/=4-y-old children and adolescents, but decreased in 1-3 y olds. A further decline in this age group would be undesirable as is the shift from common milk to formula. The intake of 'low-fat milk products' increased and should be continuously promoted.
研究德国儿童和青少年乳制品消费的时间趋势及其对脂肪和钙摄入量的影响。
来自DONALD研究（多特蒙德营养与人体测量纵向设计研究）的饮食记录。
使用混合线性模型分析了1986年至2001年间收集的914名1至13岁儿童和青少年的总共5068份为期3天的称重饮食记录，其中对数据均值和DONALD研究特有的协方差结构进行了建模。
在研究期间，4岁及以上儿童和青少年的“奶制品”消费量保持稳定，因为“液态奶”消费量的减少（每年-2.8至-7.4克/天）被“酸奶”消费量的增加（每年+2.4至+3.3克/天）所抵消。4岁及以上人群的“奶酪”消费量增加（每年+0.2至+0.7克/天）。在1至3岁儿童中，“液态奶”摄入量的减少（每年-6.5克/天）没有被“配方奶”摄入量的增加（每年+3.5克/天）所抵消。“低脂奶制品”的比例显著增加（尽管在9至13岁男孩中不显著），接近奶制品的25%。除了4至8岁儿童略有下降外，奶制品对脂肪摄入量（占能量摄入量的百分比）的影响保持稳定，奶制品对钙（占美国适宜摄入量的百分比）的影响仅在1至3岁儿童中有所下降。
4岁及以上儿童和青少年的奶制品消费量随时间保持广泛稳定，但1至3岁儿童有所下降。这个年龄组的进一步下降以及从普通牛奶向配方奶的转变都是不可取的。“低脂奶制品”的摄入量增加，应持续推广。
