Lawless Harry T, Bender Sharon, Oman Carol, Pelletier Cathy
Department of Food Science, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Dysphagia. 2003 Summer;18(3):196-202. doi: 10.1007/s00455-002-0105-0.
Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of cup size, gender, age, and parameters of sipping (cup vs. straw and sequence) on sip volume. Increasing the size of the vessel from 150 to 600 ml increased the volume of a sip by about 15%. Males took larger sips and had significantly larger maximum oral capacities than females. However, in a second group of taller females and shorter males, the difference in sip size between genders was minimized. A second experiment examined sip size from a cup and straw drinking, the effects of sequential sipping (one to five sips), personal characteristics (height, weight), age, and gender on sip volume. Height was a good predictor of individual differences in sip volume. Cup drinking produced larger sip volumes than straw drinking, but only in a group of adults and not in an elderly group. Volume per sip decreased across sips. A reasonable guide for cup sipping is about 25 ml per sip for males and 20 ml for females. However, this rule should be modified as a function of cup size, straw sipping, and sequential sipping.
进行了两项实验，以研究杯子大小、性别、年龄和啜饮参数（杯子与吸管以及顺序）对啜饮量的影响。将容器大小从150毫升增加到600毫升，一口的量增加了约15%。男性的啜饮量更大，最大口腔容量也明显大于女性。然而，在第二组较高的女性和较矮的男性中，性别之间的啜饮量差异最小化。第二项实验研究了用杯子和吸管饮用时的啜饮量、连续啜饮（一到五口）、个人特征（身高、体重）、年龄和性别对啜饮量的影响。身高是啜饮量个体差异的良好预测指标。用杯子饮用比用吸管饮用产生的啜饮量更大，但仅在一组成年人中如此，在老年组中则不然。每口的量随着啜饮次数的增加而减少。对于用杯子啜饮，一个合理的指导量是男性每口约25毫升，女性每口约20毫升。然而，这个规则应根据杯子大小、用吸管啜饮和连续啜饮进行调整。
