Poléo Antonio B S, Hytterød Sigurd
Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
J Inorg Biochem. 2003 Sep 15;97(1):89-96. doi: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00261-7.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were exposed to aluminium under both steady state and non-steady state chemical conditions in alkaline water. Under alkaline (pH 9.5) steady state conditions, approximately 350 microg Al l(-1) (predominantly aluminate, Al(OH)(4)(-)) had no acute toxic effect on the salmon. The fish, however, showed a physiological response after 3 weeks of exposure ( approximately 300% increase in blood glucose concentration, about 30% increase in blood haematocrit, and about 15% decrease in plasma Cl(-) concentration). No increase in toxicity was evident under non-steady state conditions, i.e. lowering Al solubility as pH was lowered from 9.5 to 7.5. The results indicate that the toxicity of the aluminate ion (Al(OH)(4)(-)) is low, and particularly lower than the corresponding toxicity of cationic Al hydroxides. The effects observed in fish exposed to Al-rich water at pH 9.5 were counteracted as Al solubility was decreased by lowering pH to 7.5. This is contrary to previous observations where Al solubility has been lowered by increasing pH from 5.0 to 6.5.
在碱性水环境中，将大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼暴露于稳态和非稳态化学条件下的铝中。在碱性（pH 9.5）稳态条件下，约350微克/升铝（主要为铝酸盐，Al(OH)₄⁻）对鲑鱼没有急性毒性作用。然而，在暴露3周后，鱼表现出一种生理反应（血糖浓度增加约300%，血细胞比容增加约30%，血浆Cl⁻浓度降低约15%）。在非稳态条件下，即pH从9.5降至7.5时铝的溶解度降低，毒性没有增加。结果表明，铝酸根离子（Al(OH)₄⁻）的毒性较低，尤其低于相应阳离子氢氧化铝的毒性。当通过将pH降至7.5使铝的溶解度降低时，在pH 9.5的富铝水中暴露的鱼所观察到的影响被抵消。这与之前将pH从5.0提高到6.5从而降低铝溶解度的观察结果相反。
