Ferris E A
Br Med Bull. 1992 Jul;48(3):683-97. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072571.
Gender verification testing in sport, first introduced in 1966 by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) in response to fears that males with a physical advantage in terms of muscle mass and strength were cheating by masquerading as females in women's competition, has led to unfair disqualifications of women athletes and untold psychological harm. The discredited sex chromatin test, which identifies only the sex chromosome component of gender and is therefore misleading, was abandoned in 1991 by the IAAF in favour of medical checks for all athletes, women and men, which preclude the need for gender testing. But, women athletes will still be tested at the Olympic Games at Albertville and Barcelona using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA sequences on the Y chromosome which identifies genetic sex only. Gender verification testing may in time be abolished when the sporting community are fully cognizant of its scientific and ethical implications.
体育赛事中的性别验证测试最早由国际业余田径联合会（IAAF）于1966年引入，当时人们担心在肌肉质量和力量方面具有身体优势的男性会在女子比赛中伪装成女性进行作弊。这一测试导致了对女性运动员的不公平取消资格以及难以估量的心理伤害。已声名狼藉的性染色质测试只能识别性别的性染色体成分，因此具有误导性，国际田联于1991年放弃了该测试，转而对所有运动员（包括女性和男性）进行医学检查，从而不再需要进行性别测试。但是，在阿尔贝维尔和巴塞罗那举行的奥运会上，女性运动员仍将接受使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）来扩增Y染色体上DNA序列的测试，该测试仅能识别遗传性别。当体育界充分认识到性别验证测试的科学和伦理影响时，性别验证测试可能最终会被废除。
