["Kaitai-Shinsho": a change of languages and concepts].

The translation of "Outleedkundige Tafelen (Dutch) [Anatomische Tabellen (German)]" to "Kaitai-Shinsho" by Gempaku Sugita and others was not the mere substitution of Dutch for Japanese. They responded to the writing according to the situation of the change to modern medicine from the medicine of ancient-medieval times based on Galen's teachings, by using the Japanese culture of those days in a form of "bricolage" (a term used by Claude Levi-Strauss), in combination with Western medicine, leading to its establishment as Japanese medicine. That is, their work was not a mere translation, but an innovation of Japanese medical language system.