Leemon Drew, Schimelpfenig Tod
National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, WY 82520, USA.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2003 Fall;14(3):174-82. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[174:wiiaen]2.0.co;2.
This paper describes field injury, illness, near miss, and evacuation profiles of the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS).
The NOLS incident database is used to record injuries, illnesses, near-miss incidents (close calls), evacuations, and nonmedical incidents. The database has been used continually since 1984.
During the period September 1, 1998, through August 31, 2002, there were 630,937 program days on which 1940 incidents were reported involving 1679 students and 233 staff. Athletic injuries account for 50% of all injuries, and soft-tissue injuries account for 30%. Athletic injuries are most often sprains and strains of knees (35%), ankles (30%), and backs (13%). Falls and slips around camp or while hiking are the leading contributing factors. The most common illnesses are gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (26.4%) and all flu-like illness, including flu symptoms and respiratory symptoms (16.6%). Rock fall was the leading near-miss incident. Two hundred fifty-seven (53%) medical evacuees received treatment and were able to rejoin and finish their course. There was one fatality from 1999 to 2002. The fatality rate for this period is 0.002 per 1000 program days.
The number of injuries and, specifically, the number of athletic injuries have declined. The number and rate of near-miss incidents increased as a result of better reporting; the rate of nonmedical incidents held steady. Motivation continues to be our leading category of nonmedical incident. Efforts at collecting incident data provide a useful measurement from which we can gauge our risk-management performance.
本文描述了国家户外领导力学校（NOLS）的野外伤病、未遂事故及撤离情况。
NOLS事件数据库用于记录伤病、未遂事故（险些发生的事故）、撤离及非医疗事件。该数据库自1984年起持续使用。
在1998年9月1日至2002年8月31日期间，共有630937个课程日，报告了1940起事件，涉及1679名学生和233名工作人员。运动损伤占所有损伤的50%，软组织损伤占30%。运动损伤最常见的是膝盖扭伤和拉伤（35%）、脚踝扭伤和拉伤（30%）以及背部扭伤和拉伤（13%）。营地周围或徒步时摔倒和滑倒为主要促成因素。最常见的疾病是胃肠道症状，如恶心、呕吐和腹泻（26.4%）以及所有类似流感的疾病，包括流感症状和呼吸道症状（16.6%）。落石是主要的未遂事故。257名（53%）接受医疗后送的人员接受治疗后能够重新加入并完成课程。1999年至2002年有1人死亡。该期间的死亡率为每1000个课程日0.002。
损伤数量，特别是运动损伤数量有所下降。由于报告情况改善，未遂事故的数量和发生率增加；非医疗事件的发生率保持稳定。动机仍然是我们非医疗事件的主要类别。收集事件数据的工作提供了一个有用的衡量标准，我们可以据此评估风险管理绩效。
