Franklyn Melanie, Fitzharris Michael, Fildes Brian, Yang King, Frampton Richard, Morris Andrew
Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Sep;4(3):263-9. doi: 10.1080/15389580309883.
Injuries to the aorta are among the more serious injuries that result from vehicle impacts, and often may be fatal. This article examines the incidence of aortic injuries in the United States and United Kingdom by using two international databases of real-world crashes. The main outcome of interest was the level of risk associated with each principal direction of force for drivers and front-seat passengers with respect to sustaining aortic injuries. The results indicate that the risk of sustaining an injury to the aorta is greater for near-side crashes than for far-side crashes. Further it is apparent that, given a near-side crash, the risk of an aortic injury is greater on the left side of the body (and left side of the vehicle) than on the right. It also was found that the delta-V of crashes where occupants sustained an injury to the aorta was considerably higher than crashes where occupants did not sustain aortic injuries. It is speculated that the anatomical asymmetry of the thorax might play a role in the differences seen in injury risk associated with different impact directions. The results presented in this article could be of use to both the emergency physician treating patients involved in motor vehicle collisions as well as the engineer involved in occupant design countermeasures. Limitations and further planned research are discussed.
主动脉损伤是车辆碰撞导致的较为严重的损伤之一，通常可能致命。本文通过使用两个真实世界碰撞事故的国际数据库，研究了美国和英国主动脉损伤的发生率。主要关注的结果是，对于驾驶员和前排乘客，相对于遭受主动脉损伤而言，与每个主要受力方向相关的风险水平。结果表明，近侧碰撞导致主动脉损伤的风险高于远侧碰撞。此外，很明显，在近侧碰撞的情况下，身体左侧（以及车辆左侧）发生主动脉损伤的风险高于右侧。还发现，乘客遭受主动脉损伤的碰撞中的速度变化量远高于乘客未遭受主动脉损伤的碰撞。据推测，胸部的解剖学不对称可能在与不同撞击方向相关的损伤风险差异中起作用。本文给出的结果可能对治疗机动车碰撞事故患者的急诊医生以及参与乘员设计对策的工程师都有用。文中讨论了局限性和进一步计划的研究。
