ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(1):55-60. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2011.625735.
This study investigates the risk for severe-to-fatal injury (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 4+F) to drivers in two-vehicle crashes involving front impacts into the rear of another vehicle.
1995-2009 National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) was analyzed for driver injuries in front-to-rear crashes without rear occupants in either vehicle. The study involved 13+-year-old front outboard occupants in model year (MY) 1995+ light vehicles. Injury severity was subdivided into MAIS 0+6 and MAIS 4+F to assess the risk of severe-to-fatal injury (MAIS 4+F/MAIS 0+6). Injury risks were determined using weighted data for the drivers by impact type. Standard errors were calculated in SAS to determine ±95 percent confidence intervals. An in-depth analysis was made of individual cases with severely injured drivers in the front and rear impacts.
There were 215,163 drivers in the 15 years of NASS-CDS with known injuries in front-to-rear two-vehicle collisions; 624 were severely injured (MAIS 4+F) in the rear impacts and 124 in the front impacts. The risk for severe-to-fatal driver injury was 0.290 ± 0.241 percent in rear impacts and 0.058 ± 0.057 percent in front impacts. The difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). There were 13 unweighted cases with MAIS 4+F driver injury in rear impacts. Most (77%) involved intrusion in the vicinity of the driver's seating area with the seat supported upright or deformed forward. There were 5 unweighted cases with severely injured drivers in frontal impacts. Three (60%) involved intrusion due to offset frontal loading. There was only one crash where both drivers were severely injured.
In front-to-rear crashes with two vehicles, typically one driver was severely injured, not both. The risk of severe injury was not significantly different for drivers in the front or rear impacts. The risk was higher in rear impacts due to intrusion into the driver's seating area that supported or pushed the driver's seat forward. The risk for drivers in frontal crashes was also often related to intrusion due to offset loading and occupant compartment deformation.
本研究旨在调查两车碰撞中，正面撞击另一辆车后部导致驾驶员重伤或死亡（最大简略损伤等级 [MAIS] 4+F）的风险。
分析了 1995 年至 2009 年国家汽车抽样系统碰撞数据系统（NASS-CDS）中没有后排乘客的两车正面追尾碰撞中驾驶员的受伤情况。研究涉及 1995 年及以上款型轻型车辆中，前排外侧 13 岁以上的乘客。损伤严重程度分为 MAIS 0+6 和 MAIS 4+F，以评估重伤或死亡（MAIS 4+F/MAIS 0+6）的风险。通过冲击类型对驾驶员使用加权数据确定损伤风险。在 SAS 中计算标准误差以确定±95%置信区间。对前后冲击中严重受伤驾驶员的个别病例进行了深入分析。
NASS-CDS 15 年期间，有 215163 名驾驶员在两车正面追尾碰撞中受伤；624 名驾驶员在后部碰撞中重伤（MAIS 4+F），124 名驾驶员在正面碰撞中重伤。后部碰撞中驾驶员重伤或死亡的风险为 0.290±0.241%，正面碰撞中为 0.058±0.057%。差异无统计学意义（P>.05）。后部碰撞中有 13 例未加权 MAIS 4+F 驾驶员损伤病例。大多数（77%）涉及驾驶员座椅区域附近的侵入，座椅支撑直立或向前变形。正面碰撞中有 5 例驾驶员严重受伤病例。其中 3 例（60%）涉及因正面偏置加载引起的侵入。只有一起事故中两名驾驶员均受重伤。
在两车正面追尾碰撞中，通常只有一名驾驶员重伤，而不是两名。前后冲击中驾驶员重伤的风险没有显著差异。由于侵入驾驶员座椅区域，支撑或推动驾驶员座椅向前，后部冲击中的风险更高。正面碰撞中驾驶员的风险也常常与因偏移加载和乘客舱变形引起的侵入有关。
