Giesy John P, Snyder Erin M, Nichols Krista M, Snyder Shane A, Villalobos Sergio A, Jones Paul D, Fitzgerald Scott D
Department of Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Oct;22(10):2416-31. doi: 10.1897/02-329.
Effects of representative mid-Michigan (USA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on the reproductive physiology of common goldfish (Carassius auratus) were assessed in situ by measuring plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T), and evaluating gonad histology. Caged adult male and female goldfish were exposed for six weeks to WWTP effluents. One riverine site and one lacustrine site were included as references for comparison to WWTP sites. There was differential growth and gonadal development among locations, which confounded the interpretation of biomarker responses. A linear contrast model was developed by analysis of covariance, and adjusted values were developed for concentrations of VTG, E2, and T in the plasma of both male and female fish. In general, VTG concentrations were significantly less in male than in female goldfish. Most concentrations of VTG in male goldfish were less than the method detection limit. There were no significant differences in plasma VTG of either male or female goldfish among locations or between sites at WWTPs and reference sites. Concentrations of E2 in the plasma of female goldfish were similar among WWTP sites, all of which were less than in females at a pond reference location. Concentrations of E2 in the plasma of male goldfish were similar at all WWTP locations, except for one, where they were greater. No consistent trends in hormone concentrations or gonadal histology could be attributed to putative endocrine disrupter exposure in WWTP effluents. The results indicate that the risk for estrogen agonist exposure below these mid-Michigan WWTPs is small.
通过测量血浆中卵黄蛋白原（VTG）、17β-雌二醇（E2）和睾酮（T）的浓度，并评估性腺组织学，对美国密歇根州中部具有代表性的污水处理厂（WWTP）废水对普通金鱼（Carassius auratus）生殖生理的影响进行了原位评估。将成年雌雄金鱼置于笼中，暴露于污水处理厂废水六周。纳入了一个河流站点和一个湖泊站点作为参考，与污水处理厂站点进行比较。不同地点之间存在生长差异和性腺发育差异，这混淆了生物标志物反应的解释。通过协方差分析建立了线性对比模型，并对雌雄鱼血浆中VTG、E2和T的浓度进行了校正。总体而言，雄性金鱼的VTG浓度显著低于雌性金鱼。雄性金鱼的大多数VTG浓度低于方法检测限。污水处理厂站点与参考站点之间，雌雄金鱼血浆中的VTG在不同地点或站点之间均无显著差异。污水处理厂站点雌性金鱼血浆中的E2浓度相似，均低于池塘参考地点的雌性金鱼。除一个污水处理厂站点外，雄性金鱼血浆中的E2浓度在所有污水处理厂站点均相似，该站点的E2浓度较高。激素浓度或性腺组织学方面没有一致的趋势可归因于污水处理厂废水中假定的内分泌干扰物暴露。结果表明，密歇根州中部这些污水处理厂下游雌激素激动剂暴露的风险较小。
