Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Dec;20(12):8612-20. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1817-4. Epub 2013 May 22.
This study presents the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WwTPs) on fish health. A study of chronic exposure to WwTPs effluent for 10 months was undertaken in high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus) during different life stages, covering early-life-stage (ELS), prespawning period, and postspawning period. Condition factor (CF), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels were employed as indicators to assess biological effects of effluent on this gynogenesis species. Meanwhile, some high-back crucian carp were caged in Demonstration Base of Biological Purification for Filter-feeding Fish (hereinafter, Demonstration Base), as WwTPs effluent exposure controls. In the meantime, a depuration study was carried out to determine whether or not the estrogenic effects caused by effluent exposure could be reduced after moving fish into EDCs-free water. CF, HSI, GSI, and plasma Vtg levels of high-back crucian carp caged in Demonstration Base were generally in accordance with seasonal change. Effluent exposure inhibited gonadal growth, reducing GSI in ELS while increasing it around spawning, sharpened liver burdens, increasing HSI, and induced abnormal Vtg expression in juvenile high-back crucian carp, augmenting Vtg concentrations in plasma. Around spawning period, Vtg in high-back crucian carp were mainly induced by endogenous estrogens, and EDCs in effluent had less influence on them. Staying in EDCs-free water for 30 days made high-back crucian carp recover from effects of previous effluent exposure, relieving inhibition of gonadal development and hypertrophy of liver as well as reducing Vtg induced by EDCs in effluent. The results revealed that high-back crucian carp in ELS are more sensitive to WwTPs effluent exposure. Additionally, the depuration study showed a clearance of the estrogenic effects caused by effluent.
本研究介绍了污水处理厂（WwTP）废水中内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）对鱼类健康的不良影响。对高背鲫（Carassius auratus）在不同生命阶段（早期生命阶段、产卵前期和产卵后期）慢性暴露于 WwTP 废水 10 个月进行了研究。采用体况系数（CF）、性腺指数（GSI）、肝体指数（HSI）和血浆卵黄蛋白原（VTG）水平作为评估该雌核发育物种废水对生物效应的指标。同时，一些高背鲫被放置在生物净化示范基地（以下简称示范基地）中，作为 WwTP 废水暴露对照。同时，进行了净化研究，以确定将鱼类转移到无 EDCs 水后，废水中暴露引起的雌激素效应是否可以降低。示范基地中高背鲫的 CF、HSI、GSI 和血浆 Vtg 水平通常与季节性变化一致。废水暴露抑制了性腺生长，降低了早期生命阶段的 GSI，而在产卵期增加了 GSI，加重了肝脏负担，增加了 HSI，并诱导了幼鱼高背鲫的异常 Vtg 表达，增加了血浆中的 Vtg 浓度。在产卵期，高背鲫的 Vtg 主要由内源性雌激素诱导，废水中的 EDCs 对其影响较小。在无 EDCs 的水中停留 30 天可使高背鲫从先前废水暴露的影响中恢复，缓解性腺发育抑制和肝脏肥大，减少废水中 EDCs 诱导的 Vtg。结果表明，早期生命阶段的高背鲫对 WwTP 废水暴露更为敏感。此外，净化研究表明废水引起的雌激素效应得到了清除。
