Caldwell Gary S, Bentley Matthew G, Olive Peter J W
School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Ridley Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
Toxicon. 2003 Sep;42(3):301-6. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00147-8.
Water soluble algal extracts, the aldehydes 2E,4E-decadienal, decanal, undecanal and the fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were assayed for toxicity to hatching success and larval mortality of the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Both crude cellular extracts of the diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia commutata and the diatom-derived short chain aldehyde decadienal were found to inhibit hatching success of A. salina cysts in a dose-dependent manner. Decadienal also significantly affected larval mortality rates in 24 and 72 h exposure incubations. The Artemia hatching success assay was the least sensitive of the three (EC50=3.94 microg ml(-1)). A greater sensitivity was observed for the 72 h compared with the 24 h exposure trials (EC50 for 24h=2.14, 72 h=0.023 microg ml(-1)). Decanal did not significantly affect survival or hatching success at the concentrations tested. Undecanal and EPA showed a limited toxic effect in naupliar mortality trials. We suggest that 72 h Artemia exposure trials represent an acceptable bioassay for diatom toxicity where alternative bioassays are unavailable.
检测了水溶性藻类提取物、醛类物质2E,4E-癸二烯醛、癸醛、十一醛以及脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）对卤虫无节幼体孵化成功率和幼虫死亡率的毒性。结果发现，硅藻中肋骨条藻和变异菱形藻的粗细胞提取物以及硅藻衍生的短链醛类物质癸二烯醛均以剂量依赖的方式抑制卤虫无节幼体囊肿的孵化成功率。癸二烯醛在24小时和72小时的暴露培养中也显著影响幼虫死亡率。卤虫孵化成功率测定是三者中最不敏感的（EC50 = 3.94微克/毫升）。与24小时暴露试验相比，72小时暴露试验观察到更高的敏感性（24小时的EC50 = 2.14，72小时的EC50 = 0.023微克/毫升）。在测试浓度下，癸醛对存活率或孵化成功率没有显著影响。十一醛和EPA在无节幼体死亡率试验中显示出有限的毒性作用。我们建议，在没有其他生物测定方法可用的情况下，72小时卤虫暴露试验是一种可接受硅藻毒性的生物测定方法。
