Ruiz-González Luis Eduardo, Vázquez-Zea Juan Antonio, Vega-Villasante Fernando, Guzmán-Dávalos Laura, Guerrero-Galván Saúl Rogelio
Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.
Laboratorio de Acuicultura Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México; Licenciatura en Biología, Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.
Rev Iberoam Micol. 2017 Oct-Dec;34(4):220-224. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
The consumption of wild mushrooms has increased in recent years. However, not all mushrooms are edible and some of them may cause poisoning. Therefore, their toxicity needs to be studied. Artemia franciscana is a crustacean used in toxicity tests including toxins of fungi.
To determine the percentage of inhibition and mortality produced by extracts of several basidiomycetes on the hatching of A. franciscana cysts.
Aqueous extracts were prepared from 15 species of mushrooms collected from Jalisco state, Mexico. Different concentrations of the extracts were assayed in order to test their toxicity. Potassium dichromate and artificial seawater were the positive and negative controls, respectively. The percentages of hatching and mortality of the cysts were evaluated.
Inhibition of hatching greater than 80% in all the concentrations tested was found in 13 of the 15 species studied, in contrast to the positive control, which inhibited cyst hatching less than 50% in all cases. The highest percentage of mortality in the cysts was caused by the aqueous extracts of Amanita virosa, Leucopaxillus amarus, and Tylopilus violatinctus, and the lowest by Macrolepiota mastoidea.
The brine shrimp bioassay appeared to be useful in the evaluation of the toxicity of several basidiomycetes, with the exception of Scleroderma texense, a mushroom considered poisonous, which showed no toxicity over A. franciscana.
近年来，野生蘑菇的消费量有所增加。然而，并非所有蘑菇都可食用，其中一些可能会导致中毒。因此，需要对它们的毒性进行研究。卤虫是一种用于毒性测试的甲壳类动物，包括真菌毒素测试。
确定几种担子菌提取物对卤虫囊肿孵化产生的抑制率和死亡率。
从墨西哥哈利斯科州采集的15种蘑菇中制备水提取物。测定不同浓度的提取物以测试其毒性。重铬酸钾和人工海水分别作为阳性和阴性对照。评估囊肿的孵化率和死亡率。
在所研究的15种蘑菇中，有13种在所有测试浓度下的孵化抑制率均大于80%，相比之下，阳性对照在所有情况下对囊肿孵化的抑制率均小于50%。囊肿死亡率最高的是毒蝇鹅膏、苦味白鬼伞和紫柄粉孢牛肝菌的水提取物，最低的是乳头大环柄菇。
卤虫生物测定法似乎可用于评估几种担子菌的毒性，但德克萨斯硬皮马勃这种被认为有毒的蘑菇除外，它对卤虫没有毒性。
