Caldwell Gary S, Olive Peter J W, Bentley Matthew G
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Ridley Building, Claremount Road, NE1 7RU, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Aquat Toxicol. 2002 Oct 2;60(1-2):123-37. doi: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00277-6.
Water soluble diatom extracts and the diatom aldehyde 2-trans,4-trans decadienal were assayed on the gametes and embryos of the broadcast spawning polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis virens and the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Psammechinus miliaris. Both crude cellular extracts and purified aldehyde were found to inhibit fertilization, embryogenesis and hatching success in a dose dependent manner. Intact diatom cells had no discernable effect on fertilization or development. Extracts of Skeletonema costatum were generally more effective than Nitzschia commutata in inhibiting development and fertilization. There was considerable interspecific variation in terms of toxin sensitivity. The polychaetes were more sensitive to the effects than the echinoderms. Within the polychaetes A. marina was the more tolerant in terms of developmental competence but N. virens had a higher fertilization rate. Echinoid embryos were more tolerant than asteroid embryos. This is the first study to present data on the inhibition of fertilization success by diatom extracts and aldehydes. Our observations are discussed in relation to temporal patterns in spawning and possible adaptive mechanisms to avoid diatom toxicity.
对广盐性多毛纲动物海蚯蚓（Arenicola marina）和绿沙蚕（Nereis virens）以及棘皮动物红海盘车（Asterias rubens）和粒结节海胆（Psammechinus miliaris）的配子和胚胎进行了水溶性硅藻提取物和硅藻醛2-反式，4-反式-癸二烯醛的检测。结果发现，粗细胞提取物和纯化的醛均以剂量依赖的方式抑制受精、胚胎发生和孵化成功率。完整的硅藻细胞对受精或发育没有明显影响。在抑制发育和受精方面，中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）的提取物通常比菱形藻（Nitzschia commutata）更有效。在毒素敏感性方面存在相当大的种间差异。多毛纲动物比棘皮动物对这些影响更敏感。在多毛纲动物中，就发育能力而言，海蚯蚓更具耐受性，但绿沙蚕的受精率更高。海胆胚胎比海星胚胎更具耐受性。这是第一项提供硅藻提取物和醛抑制受精成功率数据的研究。我们结合产卵的时间模式和避免硅藻毒性的可能适应机制对观察结果进行了讨论。
