Bliss James P, Acton Sarah A
Psychology Department (MGB 244B), Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2003 Nov;34(6):499-509. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2003.07.003.
As roadways become more congested, there is greater potential for automobile accidents and incidents. To improve roadway safety, automobile manufacturers are now designing and incorporating collision avoidance warning systems; yet, there has been little investigation of how the reliability of alarm signals might impact driver performance. We measured driving and alarm reaction performances following alarms of various reliability levels. In Experiment One, 70 participants operated a driving simulator while being presented console emitted collision alarms that were 50%, 75%, or 100% reliable. In Experiment Two, the same participants were presented spatially generated collision alarms of the same reliability levels. The results were similar in both experiments: alarm and automobile swerving reactions were significantly better when alarms were more reliable; however, drivers still failed to avoid collisions following reliable alarms. These results emphasize that alarm designers should maximize alarm reliability while minimizing alarm invasiveness.
随着道路日益拥堵，发生汽车事故和事件的可能性也更大。为提高道路安全性，汽车制造商目前正在设计并安装防撞预警系统；然而，关于警报信号的可靠性如何影响驾驶员表现的研究却很少。我们测量了在不同可靠性水平的警报响起后驾驶员的驾驶和警报反应表现。在实验一中，70名参与者操作驾驶模拟器，同时会收到控制台发出的可靠性分别为50%、75%或100%的碰撞警报。在实验二中，同样的参与者会收到相同可靠性水平的空间生成的碰撞警报。两个实验的结果相似：当警报更可靠时，警报和汽车转向反应明显更好；然而，即使在可靠警报响起后，驾驶员仍未能避免碰撞。这些结果强调，警报设计者应在使警报干扰性最小化的同时，将警报可靠性最大化。
