Chang Shun-Hui, Lin Chih-Yung, Fung Chin-Ping, Hwang Jiun-Ren, Doong Ji-Liang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan, ROC.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Sep;40(5):1637-43. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.05.003. Epub 2008 Jun 4.
According to accident statistics for Taiwan, the two most common traffic accident locations in urban areas are roadway segments and intersections. On roadway segments, most collisions are due to drivers not noticing the status of leading vehicle. At intersections, most collisions are due to the other driver failing to obey traffic signs. Using a driving simulator equipped with a collision warning system, this study investigated driving performance at different accident locations and between different alarm contents, and identified the relationship between crash occurrences and driving performance. Thirty participants, aged 20-29 years, were recruited in this study. Driving performance measures were perception-reaction time, movement-reaction time, speed and a crash. Experimental results indicated that due to different demands for processing information under different traffic conditions, driving performance differed at the two traffic accident locations. On a roadway segment, perception-reaction time for a beep was shorter than the time for a speech message. Nevertheless, at an intersection, a speech message was a great help to drivers and, thus, perception-reaction time was effectively reduced. In addition, logistic regression analysis indicates that perception-movement time had the greatest influence on crash occurrence.
根据台湾的事故统计，城市地区最常见的两个交通事故地点是道路路段和十字路口。在道路路段，大多数碰撞事故是由于驾驶员没有注意到前车的状态。在十字路口，大多数碰撞事故是由于其他驾驶员不遵守交通标志。本研究使用配备碰撞预警系统的驾驶模拟器，调查了不同事故地点以及不同警报内容下的驾驶性能，并确定了碰撞事故与驾驶性能之间的关系。本研究招募了30名年龄在20至29岁之间的参与者。驾驶性能指标包括感知反应时间、动作反应时间、速度和碰撞情况。实验结果表明，由于不同交通条件下处理信息的需求不同，两个交通事故地点的驾驶性能存在差异。在道路路段，蜂鸣声的感知反应时间比语音信息的时间短。然而，在十字路口，语音信息对驾驶员有很大帮助，因此有效地减少了感知反应时间。此外，逻辑回归分析表明，感知动作时间对碰撞事故的影响最大。
