Rehfeldt Ruth Anne, Randich Lisette
Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-4609, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2003 Aug;93(1):161-74. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.161.
We evaluated the choice responding of three adults dually diagnosed with developmental and psychiatric disabilities using concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Specifically, participants were given a choice between a response option resulting in reliable reinforcement and a response option resulting in unreliable reinforcement. Our primary purpose was to shift preference from reliable to unreliable reinforcement via the systematic presentation of stimuli during delay intervals. A second purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of intervening stimuli in shifting preference at differing delay-to-reinforcement intervals. Preference for unreliable reinforcement was first examined in the absence of stimulus presentations during delays, at three different delay values. Next, we aimed to establish preference for unreliable reinforcement by presenting pictures of reinforcers during delays preceding unreliable reinforcement. Preference was again examined at three different delay values. In the absence of stimulus presentations during delays, participants were shown to prefer reliable reinforcement, particularly at the longer delay value. When stimuli were presented during the delays, two of the three participants preferred unreliable reinforcement, particularly the longer the delay value. These results suggest that the presentation of intervening stimuli during delays may help facilitate tolerance for unreliable reinforcement.
我们使用并发强化程序评估了三名同时患有发育障碍和精神疾病的成年人的选择反应。具体而言，参与者要在一个能带来可靠强化的反应选项和一个带来不可靠强化的反应选项之间做出选择。我们的主要目的是通过在延迟间隔期间系统呈现刺激，将偏好从可靠强化转向不可靠强化。第二个目的是评估干预刺激在不同强化延迟间隔下改变偏好的有效性。首先，在延迟期间不呈现刺激的情况下，在三个不同的延迟值下，研究对不可靠强化的偏好。接下来，我们旨在通过在不可靠强化之前的延迟期间呈现强化物图片来建立对不可靠强化的偏好。再次在三个不同的延迟值下检查偏好。在延迟期间不呈现刺激时，可以看出参与者更喜欢可靠强化，尤其是在较长延迟值时。当在延迟期间呈现刺激时，三名参与者中有两名更喜欢不可靠强化，尤其是延迟值越长。这些结果表明，在延迟期间呈现干预刺激可能有助于促进对不可靠强化的耐受性。
