Lalli J S, Mauro B C, Mace F C
Holy Family College, Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2000 Winter;33(4):533-44. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-533.
We examined the effects of conditioned reinforcement on children's choice between reliable (100%) and unreliable (50%) reinforcement under various stimulus conditions in a concurrent-chains procedure. The study was conducted across three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted under conditions similar to basic laboratory work and consisted of participants selecting from one of two black boxes (placed on a table) that were correlated with different reinforcement schedules. In Experiment 3, we assessed a participant's preference for unreliable reinforcement during conditions in which the target responses were aggression and mands. Results of the three experiments showed that the participants preferred unreliable reinforcement under certain conditions. Findings are discussed regarding the role of specific stimuli (i.e., items correlated with a reinforcement schedule, adult reactions) as conditioned reinforcers and how they may influence children's preference for a response (e.g., aggression, self-injury) that produces reinforcement on a leaner schedule than a socially desirable response (e.g., mands).
我们在并发链程序的各种刺激条件下，研究了条件强化对儿童在可靠（100%）和不可靠（50%）强化之间选择的影响。该研究分三个实验进行。实验1和实验2在类似于基础实验室工作的条件下进行，参与者从与不同强化时间表相关的两个黑箱（放在桌子上）中选择一个。在实验3中，我们评估了参与者在目标反应为攻击行为和指令性行为的条件下对不可靠强化的偏好。三个实验的结果表明，参与者在某些条件下更喜欢不可靠强化。讨论了关于特定刺激（即与强化时间表相关的物品、成人反应）作为条件强化物的作用，以及它们如何可能影响儿童对一种反应（如攻击行为、自我伤害）的偏好，这种反应产生强化的时间表比社会期望的反应（如指令性行为）更稀疏。
