Xu Wu, Angell C Austen
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):422-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1090287.
Aqueous solutions are generally assumed to be superior electrolytic conductors because of the unique dielectric and fluid properties of water. We show that their conductivities can be matched by liquid electrolytes that contain no solvent. These are proton transfer salts that are liquid at ambient temperature. The high conductivities are due to the high fluidity and ionicity rather than some sort of Grotthus mechanism, although in certain cases a mobile proton population may make a non-negligible contribution. The highest conductivities have been obtained when both cations and anions contain protons. At 25 degrees C, values of >150 millisiemens per centimeter (mS x cm(-1)) appear possible; at 100 degrees C, 470 mS x cm(-1) has been measured. Because of the combination of high ionicity and proton exchange kinetics with low vapor pressure, the systems we describe also make excellent fuel cell electrolytes.
由于水独特的介电和流体性质，水溶液通常被认为是优良的电解质导体。我们发现，不含溶剂的液体电解质的电导率可以与水溶液相匹配。这些是在环境温度下呈液态的质子转移盐。高电导率归因于高流动性和离子性，而非某种格罗特斯机制，尽管在某些情况下可移动的质子群体可能会做出不可忽略的贡献。当阳离子和阴离子都含质子时，可获得最高电导率。在25℃时，每厘米大于150毫西门子（mS·cm⁻¹）的值似乎是可能的；在100℃时，已测得470 mS·cm⁻¹。由于高离子性、质子交换动力学与低蒸气压的结合，我们所描述的体系也是优异的燃料电池电解质。
