Song Ziyu, Xing Zhirong, Yang Jiaxun, Chen Jiayi, Hu Weican, Li Pu, Feng Wenfang, Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie, Figgemeier Egbert, Passerini Stefano, Armand Michel, Zhou Zhibin, Zhang Heng
Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Institute of Power Electronics and Electric Drives (ISEA), Center for Ageing Reliability and Lifetime Prediction of Electrochemical and Power Electronic Systems (CARL), RWTH Aachen University, Campus Boulevard 89, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 Jun 2;64(23):e202424543. doi: 10.1002/anie.202424543. Epub 2025 Apr 14.
Currently, electrolyte design for sodium-based batteries is largely inherited from their lithium-based counterparts, which often present critical challenges that hinder forging new perspectives and thus further improvements. This work delves into the key properties of representative sodium- and lithium-based electrolytes, encompassing prevailing salt anions. It aims to evaluate the impact of cation chemistry, including their nature and the degree of interactions with counter anions, thereby bridging the gap in effectively transferring the know-how accumulated in lithium batteries to sodium-based batteries. The results demonstrate that the unique impact of salt anions on the properties of metal-ion conducting electrolytes is tightly correlated with the nature of metal cations. By synchronizing the anionic structures with the critical features of sodium cations, the solvating dynamics and transport properties, chemical stability, aluminum corrosion behavior, and other key properties of the electrolytes could be finely tuned to fit the specific requirements of advanced sodium-based batteries. This work gives an in-depth insight into the chemical and physical features of sodium-based electrolytes, with a potential avenue to accelerate the deployment of high-performance sodium batteries and simultaneously inspire and guide the design of other electrolytes for emerging mono- and multivalent cation-based rechargeable batteries.
目前，钠基电池的电解质设计在很大程度上继承自锂基电池，而锂基电池常常带来一些关键挑战，阻碍了新观点的形成，进而妨碍了进一步的改进。这项工作深入研究了具有代表性的钠基和锂基电解质的关键特性，包括常见的盐阴离子。其目的是评估阳离子化学的影响，包括阳离子的性质以及它们与抗衡阴离子的相互作用程度，从而弥合在将锂电池积累的技术诀窍有效转移到钠基电池方面存在的差距。结果表明，盐阴离子对金属离子传导电解质性能的独特影响与金属阳离子的性质密切相关。通过使阴离子结构与钠阳离子的关键特征同步，可以精细调节电解质的溶剂化动力学和传输性能、化学稳定性、铝腐蚀行为以及其他关键性能，以满足先进钠基电池的特定要求。这项工作深入洞察了钠基电解质的化学和物理特性，为加速高性能钠电池的部署提供了一条潜在途径，同时也为新兴的基于单价和多价阳离子的可充电电池的其他电解质设计提供了启发和指导。
