Prunier-Poulmaire S, Gadbois C
Université de Paris X-Nanterre, Paris, France.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001 Dec;30(1-2):41-6.
The reduction of the legal working week to 35 hours in France has generated wide-ranging social change. We examine the resulting changes in working-time patterns as well as their repercussions on the use of the time gained and on the quality of life and health. To compensate the reduction in the length of the working week, companies have modified the working-time patterns, by extending operation time (shiftwork, atypical schedules) and by matching the on-site workforce to production requirements (flexible working hours). They have sought to make more efficient use of working time: job intensification or job compression. The effects on the off-the-job life and health are linked to the shiftwork and atypical schedules designed to increase the company's operating time, and adjustments to the company's need for flexibilization impose working time/free time patterns that are at odds with biological rhythms and social life patterns. Changes to working-time patterns have unexpected consequences for work organization: heightened difficulties for the individual and the crew. These changes may generate a range of health problems related to overwork and stress. The way some companies have adapted may call into question the usefulness of work done by employees, thus damaging their social identity and mental well-being.
法国将法定工作周减至35小时引发了广泛的社会变革。我们研究了由此产生的工作时间模式变化，以及这些变化对所获时间利用、生活质量和健康的影响。为了弥补工作周时长的减少，公司通过延长运营时间（轮班制、非标准工作时间表）以及使现场劳动力与生产需求相匹配（灵活工作时间）来改变工作时间模式。他们试图更高效地利用工作时间：工作强度加大或工作压缩。对非工作生活和健康的影响与旨在增加公司运营时间的轮班制和非标准工作时间表有关，而根据公司灵活性需求进行的调整导致工作时间/自由时间模式与生物节律和社会生活模式不一致。工作时间模式的变化给工作组织带来了意想不到的后果：给个人和团队带来了更大的困难。这些变化可能会引发一系列与过度工作和压力相关的健康问题。一些公司的适应方式可能会让人质疑员工工作的效用，从而损害他们的社会认同感和心理健康。
