Bourdouxhe M, Toulouse G
Institute for Research on Occupational Safety and Health, Montreal, Canada.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 2001 Dec;30(1-2):113-8.
This paper presents selected results from a pilot research. The study of film technicians' work schedules and occupational hazards was based on a questionnaire administered to all 2200 film technicians (650 valid replies; response rate = 30%), interviews with producers and technicians on film-shooting organization and scheduling, courses in film technique, individual interviews with workers in trade at high risk, and review of the literature on freelancers, on the effects of intermittent work, and on risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries. Work schedules showed a tendency to extremely long work shifts (14 hours per day on average, and up to 19 hours in some trades). Occupational constraints and work schedules were found to relate to an increased risk of work-related injuries. Technicians identified fatigue associated with work schedules as the principal risk of accidents and one of the factors responsible for causing or aggravating their many musculoskeletal injuries. Work schedules were not the only cause of these injuries: stress--due to time constraints, work responsibilities and job insecurity--was also an important risk factor, consistent with the literature on musculoskeletal disorders. Physical workload was also problematic, particularly when demanding tasks had to be performed under severe time constraints.
本文展示了一项试点研究的部分结果。对电影技术人员工作时间表和职业危害的研究基于向所有2200名电影技术人员发放的一份调查问卷（650份有效回复；回复率 = 30%），对制片人及技术人员就电影拍摄组织和时间表、电影技术课程进行的访谈，对高风险行业工人的个人访谈，以及对有关自由职业者、间歇性工作的影响和肌肉骨骼损伤风险因素的文献综述。工作时间表呈现出工作班次极长的趋势（平均每天14小时，某些行业长达19小时）。发现职业限制和工作时间表与工伤风险增加有关。技术人员认为与工作时间表相关的疲劳是事故的主要风险，也是导致或加重他们多种肌肉骨骼损伤的因素之一。工作时间表并非这些损伤的唯一原因：由于时间限制、工作职责和工作不安全感导致的压力也是一个重要的风险因素，这与关于肌肉骨骼疾病的文献一致。体力工作量也存在问题，特别是当必须在严格的时间限制下执行要求苛刻的任务时。
