Brogmus G E
Liberty Mutual Group, 516 East Fairmount Road, Burbank, CA 91501, USA.
Ergonomics. 2007 Mar;50(3):446-74. doi: 10.1080/00140130601133826.
While there is a growing body of research on the impact of work schedules on the risk of occupational injuries, there has been little investigation into the impact that the day of the week might have. The present research was completed to explore day of the week trends, reasons for such trends and the corresponding implications for work scheduling. Data for the number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work (lost time; LT) in 2004 were provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Safety and Health Statistics. Data from the American Time Use Survey database were used to estimate work hours in 2004. From these two data sources, the rate of LT injuries and illnesses (per 200 000 work hours) by day of the week, industry sector and gender were estimated. The analysis revealed clear differences by day of the week, gender and major industry sector. Sundays had the highest rate overall--nearly 37% higher than the average of the remaining days, Monday to Saturday. Mondays had the next highest rate followed closely by Saturdays. This pattern was not the same for males and females. For males, Mondays had the highest LT rate (27% higher than the average of all other days) with all remaining days having essentially the same rate. For females, Sundays and Saturdays had much higher LT rates--122% and 60% higher, respectively, than the average weekday rate. There were also differences by industry and differences between genders by industry. The present analysis suggests that several factors may be contributing to the weekend and Monday trends observed. Lower-tenured (and younger) workers on the weekends, lower female management/supervision and second jobs on the weekend seem to be contributors to the high Saturday and Sunday LT rates. Differences in day of the week employment by industry did not account for the trends observed. Fraud and overtime also could not be confirmed as contributing to these trends. Monday trends were more complex to explain, with possible explanations including non-work-related weekend injuries being reported on Mondays, soft-tissue symptoms becoming more noticeable on Mondays, greater Monday morning flexion risk and reduced supervision in the construction industry on Mondays. Interpretation of these trends and the implications for work scheduling are discussed.
虽然关于工作时间表对职业伤害风险的影响的研究越来越多，但对于一周中的哪一天可能产生的影响却鲜有调查。本研究旨在探讨一周中不同日期的趋势、出现这种趋势的原因以及对工作安排的相应影响。2004年涉及离岗伤病（误工时间；LT）数量的数据由美国劳工统计局安全与健康统计办公室提供。来自美国时间使用调查数据库的数据用于估算2004年的工作时长。从这两个数据源中，估算出按一周中的日期、行业部门和性别划分的LT伤病率（每20万工作小时）。分析揭示了一周中不同日期、性别和主要行业部门之间存在明显差异。总体而言，周日的伤病率最高——比周一至周六其余日子的平均水平高出近37%。周一的伤病率次之，紧随其后的是周六。男性和女性的情况并非如此。对于男性来说，周一的LT率最高（比所有其他日子的平均水平高出27%），其余日子的LT率基本相同。对于女性来说，周日和周六的LT率要高得多——分别比工作日的平均水平高出122%和60%。不同行业之间也存在差异，且不同行业中性别之间也存在差异。目前的分析表明，有几个因素可能导致了观察到的周末和周一的趋势。周末任期较短（且较年轻）的工人、女性管理/监督水平较低以及周末从事第二份工作似乎是导致周六和周日LT率较高的原因。不同行业在一周中不同日期的就业差异并不能解释观察到的趋势。欺诈和加班也不能被证实是导致这些趋势的原因。周一的趋势更难解释，可能的解释包括周一报告的与工作无关的周末伤病、周一软组织症状变得更加明显、周一早晨更大的屈伸风险以及周一建筑行业监督减少。本文讨论了对这些趋势的解读以及对工作安排的影响。
