Barrowcliff Alastair L, Gray Nicola S, MacCulloch Sophie, Freeman Tom C A, MacCulloch Malcolm J
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2003 Sep;42(Pt 3):289-302. doi: 10.1348/01446650360703393.
Theoretical models implicating the orienting reflex as an explanatory mechanism in the eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment protocol are contrasted and tested empirically. We also test whether EMDR effects are due to a distraction effect.
A repeated measure design is used in two experiments. The first experiment employed two independent variables, eye condition (moving vs. stationary) and tone (a pseudo-randomized series of low and high intensity tones). In Expt 2, eye condition was replaced by attentional demand conditions (low or high). In both cases, electrodermal responses served as the dependent variable.
Participants were recruited from the Psychology Department at Cardiff University. In Expt 1, participants were required to either pursue a moving stimulus following auditory challenge or engage in an eyes-stationary task. In Expt 2, the task following auditory challenge required participants to identify specific items from letter strings in low and high attentional demand conditions.
Lower levels of electrodermal arousal were identified in tasks eliciting eye movements, compared to no eye movements. This effect was not due to the attentional requirements of the task.
Eye movements following auditory challenge result in an effect of psychophysiological de-arousal. This supports the reassurance reflex model of EMDR proposed by MacCulloch and Feldman (1996).
对将定向反射作为眼动脱敏再处理（EMDR）治疗方案中的一种解释机制的理论模型进行对比，并进行实证检验。我们还检验EMDR效应是否归因于分心效应。
在两个实验中采用重复测量设计。第一个实验采用了两个自变量，眼睛状态（移动与静止）和音调（一系列伪随机的低强度和高强度音调）。在实验2中，眼睛状态被注意力需求条件（低或高）所取代。在这两种情况下，皮肤电反应作为因变量。
参与者从卡迪夫大学心理学系招募。在实验1中，参与者被要求在听觉挑战后追踪一个移动的刺激物，或者进行眼睛静止的任务。在实验2中，听觉挑战后的任务要求参与者在低注意力需求和高注意力需求条件下从字母串中识别特定项目。
与无眼动的任务相比，引发眼动的任务中皮肤电唤醒水平较低。这种效应并非由于任务的注意力要求所致。
听觉挑战后的眼动会导致心理生理去唤醒效应。这支持了麦卡洛克和费尔德曼（1996年）提出的EMDR的安抚反射模型。
