Gordon Debra B
University of Wisconsin Hospital & Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, F6/121-1535, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2003 Sep;38(3):447-64, vi. doi: 10.1016/s0029-6465(02)00095-6.
Nonopioid and adjuvant analgesics encompass a huge range of heterogenous drugs that differ chemically and mechanistically. These drugs generally are prescribed for mild-to-moderate pain, as coanalgesics for severe pain, or to target specific pain-generating mechanisms. This article provides an overview of some of the more commonly used nonopioid and adjuvant analgesics used to treat chronic pain, including salicylates, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonists, lidocaine, skeletal muscle relaxants, and topical analgesics.
非阿片类和辅助性镇痛药包含种类繁多的异类药物，这些药物在化学和作用机制上存在差异。这些药物通常用于治疗轻至中度疼痛，作为重度疼痛的辅助镇痛药，或针对特定的疼痛产生机制。本文概述了一些用于治疗慢性疼痛的较为常用的非阿片类和辅助性镇痛药，包括水杨酸盐、对乙酰氨基酚、非甾体抗炎药、三环类抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、利多卡因、骨骼肌松弛剂和局部用镇痛药。
